The newly developed SAUNA III – radioxenon system prototype has been running in Stockholm since 2016 and provided a rich data set of atmospheric radioxenon observations with 6 hour time resolution. A large part of the observed plumes originates from releases from the nuclear power plant Forsmark, located 110 km north of the system, and includes many observations/releases with three or even...
In October 1973, a nuclear explosive with a yield of about 4 megatons was detonated underground at the Novaya Zemlya test site. The explosion was followed by a series of aftershocks, a phenomenon that had previously not been observed at Novaya Zemlya. Today, very few short period seismic recordings of these aftershocks exist. At the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), printed short period...
Atmospheric dispersion modeling is used to predict radionuclide concentrations worldwide, modeling is useful to study the impact of an accident or nuclear event on the environment. This kind of simulations provides ways to find better decisions in case of some event may occur, Gaussian model is the most used model but it has some limitations as time scales and wind direction changes, while CFD...
Underground nuclear explosion may be follow of the noble gases release. 493 underground nuclear tests and explosions of different purposes and in the different rocks were conducted in the Soviet Union over period in 1961-1990. A total of 340 underground nuclear tests were conducted at the Semipalatinsk Test Site. 179 explosions (52.6%) among them were classified as these of complete...
Physico-chemical processes occurring in the atmosphere play an important part in the global distribution of radionuclides. In this study, radionuclide concentrations of cosmogenic and terrestrial radionuclides Beryllium-7 and Lead-212 in surface air and meteorological data collected by the CTBTO Radionuclide Monitoring Station PHP52 in Tanay, Philippines were assessed to understand the...
In 1997, the United States accused Russia of conducting a secret nuclear test at its underground test site on Novaya Zemlya. Despite admitting later that the August 17, 1997, event was an earthquake in the Kara Sea, U.S. officials maintained that activity observed at the test site prior to the earthquake was similar to activity observed before previous nuclear tests. The activity the United...
Radioactive xenon isotopes provide the most likely observable radioactive signatures of underground nuclear explosions. These isotopes are frequently detected by IMS noble gas systems as a result of normal operational releases from different types of nuclear facilities including nuclear power plants (NPPs) and medical isotope production facilities (MIPFs), reprocessing facilities and nuclear...
Large quantities of the radioactive noble gas krypton-85 (85Kr) are released into the atmosphere as a result of reprocessing of used nuclear fuel rods. Reprocessing started in the 1940s mainly to separate plutonium for military purposes. Emissions from civil reprocessing activities have steadily been increasing since and impede on the use of 85Kr as an indicator for clandestine plutonium...
In 2018 the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea invited selected journalists to its nuclear test site where they photographed and videoed the destruction of some features. The imagery revealed detail previously unseen by the outside world, including a map showing the tunnel entrances (adits) and test locations. We have used that imagery and other data to recreate the test site in 3D; explore...
The Source Term Analysis of Xenon (STAX) project is a new effort to better understand the radioxenon background in the environment. This project is using high resolution stack detectors to directly measure the radioxenon emissions from fission-based Mo-99 production facilities. Currently, two experimental high purity germanium (HPGe) based detector systems reside at the Institute for...
Since the provisional operation of the International Monitoring System (IMS) started, six announced underground nuclear tests were conducted by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) at the Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site. For the first test (9 October 2006) and the third one (12 February 2013), radioxenon observations were made by IMS stations that were immediately reported to State...
In collaboration with the CTBTO engineering division, Enviroearth acquired step by step experience and expertise in the whole understanding of the infrasound monitoring station infrastructure. With the objective to homogenize existing and future IMS Infrasound stations, Enviroearth technical division contributed to redesign the infrasound station as a set of optimized, interchangeable and all...
Accurate meteorological modeling is critical for obtaining realistic atmospheric transport and dispersion (T&D) predictions. There are several data assimilation (DA) techniques used to improve meteorological results. Two common philosophies are nudging and variational DA. Traditionally, nudging is used in T&D, whereas more sophisticated variational techniques are used in weather forecasting....
Moderator: Elena Sokova
Panellists: Marzhan
Nurzhan, Gaopalelwe
Santswere, Tatsu Suzuki,
Hind Touissate
In routine processing of IMS infrasound data at the IDC, microbaroms with dominant frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 Hz appear in overlapping frequency bands and are considered as noise. In this study, microbarom signals were used as calibration signals, and their amplitudes at the German infrasound station IS26 were modelled based on operational ocean wave interaction simulations and a...
The SSI calibration module is a tool that extends the Standard Station Interface (SSI) for intuitive execution of instrumental calibrations and review of calibration results. It aims to (1) support the complex planning, technical execution, evaluation and reporting of the calibration of IMS seismic and T-phase stations (2) provide a single, standard interface that masks the heterogeneity of...
The experimental results of studying the effect of a fine-scale layered structure of a stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) on fluctuations of the parameters of acoustic pulses generated with a certain period (1 min) by an artificial detonation source are presented. The vertical profiles of wind velocity fluctuations in the thin layers of the ABL have been retrieved using the...
Nuclear treaty monitoring is dependent upon a reliable sensor network to achieve mission capability. However, a failure to effectively plan, execute or manage your network through its entire life cycle will result in performance degradation potentially threatening successful event detection. AFTAC’s Center of Engineering Excellence has developed a comprehensive approach to total life cycle...
Cosmogenic radionuclides beryllium-7 and sodium-22 are known atmospheric tracers and can be used together in a lock-in technique to effectively trace vertical air masses based on surface measurements. This technique allows to study progression and speed of atmospheric cells. Data show that the cells are decelerating during the summer period which is extending in time. This is caused by warming...
In this study we examined 344 bolides (airbursts) reported on the JPL CNEOS website (https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/fireballs/) between 2007-2018 and attempt to correlate these with infrasound detections. We found 206 of these bolides were detectable by at least one infrasound station while only 42 were automatically registered as part of the Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB) issued daily by CTBTO....
Preceding: Documentary “CTBTO: Ending Nuclear Explosions”
Moderator: François Murphy
Panellists: James Gillies, Yael Lavie, Tooba Masood, Karin Orantes
Sustaining a technically complex and globally distributed network such as the International Monitoring System (IMS) presents multiple challenges, particularly when combined with the high levels of data availability required. To this end, the IMS Analysis Team has already developed several components of an integrated support system, including various data gathering methods, supporting analysis...
The NEar real-time MOnitoring system, called NEMO, is a project for world-wide and near real-time monitoring of bright fireballs, currently under development. NEMO is based on an alert system collecting information on fireball events and will be a combined world-wide database for large fireball events with the goal to analyse and combine data of these events from various data sources to...
Each year, National Data Centers (NDCs) experience thousands of data gaps, often requiring human intervention to restore timely data. Understanding the source of these gaps is critical for maintaining mission capabilities. To address this, we present a three-tiered framework for real-time automated data-gap analysis: First, we present an Internet of Things (IoT)-based equipment suite,...
Sandia National Laboratories is developing the Geophysical Monitoring System (GMS) for modernization of the United States National Data Center waveform processing system. Concurrently, the International Data Centre (IDC) has begun the development phase of their IDC Re-engineering project to improve capabilities and maintainability of their waveform processing system. GMS has substantial...
Two ATM challenges were successfully performed in 2015 and 2016. However, they did not address the more practical aspect of estimating radioxenon background at selected IMS stations. This estimation is needed for calibration and performance assessment of the verification system as described in the Treaty. Estimating the radioxenon background is the main goal of the 3rd ATM Challenge. In the...
The nuclear crisis in the Korean peninsula is a long-standing problematic issue which constitutes a threat and challenge to global peace and security order.DPRK`s nuclear tests have demonstrated the increasing technical capacity of their nuclear weapons program and served as acts of provocation and conflict escalation.Conversely, the recent steps by DPRK to place a moratorium on nuclear...
Moderator: Tammy Taylor
Panellists: Rebecca Manzou, Hanne Sagen, Jean Sciare, Lucrezia Terzi
The completeness and accuracy of the CTBT Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB) is assessed in the Australian region through comparison with a local bulletin. We compare the REB to Australia’s National Earthquake Alerts Centre (NEAC) bulletin for all events in Australia between May 23rd and December 31st 2018. Australia is an intra-plate tectonic environment and as such experiences around 100...
Nowadays the struggle for feminism is becoming increasingly important. Despite the fact that much has already been achieved in this case, in many areas it is extremely rare to meet women. This is not due to the reluctance of women to occupy certain positions, but the obstacles raised by society for a long time, prejudices that still live in the minds of many people.It is worth noting that this...
The abstract examines the contribution of NRNU MEPhI to the work of the CTBTO Youth Group and the potential for further cooperation. MEPhI students have been active participants in various activities of the Youth Group since its foundation: The First International Conference of the CTBTO Youth Group was held on the basis of MEPhI in October 2017. Participants of the Youth Group from MEPhI were...
Decision makers serving in policymaking organs of international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation instruments often consider and review information with significant scientific underpinning. This includes approval of lists of new inspection equipment; approving the addition of scientific content for validated databases; budgeting and/or resource allocation for relevant scientific...
The results of recording of internal gravity waves and infrasound waves from the warm and cold fronts associated with the atmospheric storm passing through Moscow on May 29, 2017 are presented. The waves were recorded by a network of 4 microbarographs IFA-MGU-MSR- ZNS located in Moscow and Moscow region. It was obtained the temporal changes in the characteristics of IGWs and infrasound waves...
During the conduct of the Underground Nuclear Explosion Signatures Experiment (UNESE), which involved the injection of Ar-37 into UNE chimneys at the Nevada National Security Site, we detected the unanticipated presence of Ar-39 in gas samples taken from the shallow (0 – few m deep) subsurface. This long-lived UNE observable was present in all of our measurements in the vicinity of UNE sites,...
In a world transiting through a changing global order with ongoing geopolitical realignments and reasserting behavior of certain states ,nuclear weapons and delivery system appear to be becoming relevant currency of national and cooperative power by certain states. Citing this influx in security environments, where some states in past undertook demonstration of nuclear capability, while some...
The European Research Infrastructure project ARISE demonstrated that infrasound is an efficient method for remote volcano monitoring up to distances of several thousand kilometers. Near field infrasound observations can be used to reconstruct in detail the eruptive chronology and to provide near-real time notification of ongoing activity to civil protection authorities. At larger distances...
Phase 2 of the Underground Nuclear Explosion Signatures Experiment (UNESE) included the injection of tracer gases into the chimney of a historic horizontally-emplaced nuclear test at the Nevada National Security Site. The purpose of these injections was to observe the migration of gases from the chimney to the adjacent tunnel complex and their migration within the surrounding geology. Two...
One of the most conclusive evidence of a violation of CTBT is the presence in the subsoil air of elevated concentrations of 37Ar radionuclide, which is formed in large quantities in the interaction of neutrons with calcium, which is part of rocks. Traditionally, to measure the activity of 37Ar, proportional gas counters are used, which are filled with a counting gas prepared from samples of...
Conventional wisdom has long held that North Korea would quite likely be the most difficult case among the eight remaining states that must ratify the CTBT for it to enter into force. The recent personal involvement of the Presidents of the U.S., South Korea and North Korea may make this achievement less distant than previously believed. In view of North Korea’s stated willingness to give up...
Rayleigh temperature and Doppler wind lidars are powerful instruments to monitor the vertical profile of atmospheric parameters up to the upper mesosphere. Such instruments are operated routinely at Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP) in South-East France and at Maïdo Observatory in Reunion Island in the frame of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and they are...
Advanced gamma-spectrometry systems have potential for higher-sensitivity analysis of CTBT relevant radionuclides in IMS samples. These systems include sophisticated multi-detector configurations that are capable of coincidence measurements with Compton and cosmic rejection. They can provide detection sensitivity 2-4 orders of magnitude higher than conventional gamma-spectrometry used for IMS...
The atmospheric planetary boundary layer (ABL) plays a major role in the detected radionuclides concentrations at the ground level; it can describe the dynamic and the behavior of the air movement in the region of interest. In this work, data collected from the CTBTO/IMS RN40 station for the years 2013-2018 along with the measurements of the upper air temperature using MTP-5H microwave...
Detection of relevant radionuclides in the International Monitoring System absent a nuclear test, and especially radioactive xenon isotopes, has been the subject of concern for over a decade. These relevant radionuclide detections are usually called "backgrounds," and they are unavoidable due to the peaceful production of radioactive isotopes and other manmade phenomena. However, how we deal...
As radioxenon samples are collected around the world at the CTBTO IMS stations, a subset of those are sent to radionuclide laboratories around the world for re-analysis. PNNL operates the U.S. Noble Gas Laboratory (US-NGL), which was certified in December of 2016. The laboratory currently has one certified detector, but there are potential scenarios where additional throughout is desired. Two...
The middle and upper atmosphere is a highly variable environment at subseasonal time scales. This variability influences the general atmospheric circulation especially through the propagation and breaking of planetary and gravity waves in the stratosphere and mesosphere. The ARISE (Atmospheric dynamics Research InfraStructure in Europe) project integrates complementary instruments such as...
A number of applications benefit from continuous and repeated gamma ray spectral acquisition, analysis, and reporting. In these cases, important criteria include: no lapses in data acquisition during monitoring, full data analysis and reporting can be applied in real time, the spectra and results are stored for post analysis review, and notifications are available when concentration levels...
The Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC) of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has developed a web application, the International Radiation Monitoring Information System (IRMIS) through which the Member States can share and visualize large quantities of radiation monitoring data (viz. gamma dose rate, isotope specific ground depositions and air concentrations). The geo-referenced...
The Israeli National Data Center monitors and characterises the seismicity of the Eastern Mediterranean region as part of its mandate with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty. The seismic velocity model is one of the factors that affects most the location accuracy. Three-dimensional tomographic studies of the area have been conducted in the past, but are patchy with inhomogeneous...
The earthquake activity of central Himalayas is monitored continuously since 1994 by the national seismic network of Nepal (NSC) comprising 21 seismic stations. Most of the recorded seismicity nucleates along the downdip-end of the locked fault segments of the Main Himalayan Thrust fault, the shallow dipping mega-thrust between Indian plate and Tibetan Plateau. After the April 25, 2015, Gorkha...
Site-specific deterministic hazard assessment at respective locations of the north-eastern of Azerbaijan that provides estimates of amplification factor on local soil conditions was carried out. Topics of interest include moment magnitude, seismic energy, b-value, simulated earthquake scenario-based Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), site effects, the rock site characterization and intensity....
The CTBTO should raise public awareness about nuclear, while ordinary people maintain their fear of the nuclear for war purposes, skeptics pursue their knowledge for peaceful nuclear use. Both sides of the nuclear goal must be very well aware of most people in the world. The limited of nuclear knowledge will make people reject everything about nuclear which will endanger the development of...
The CTBT has languished for so long, that now we must not only revitalize the actors currently responsible for treaty entry-into-force, but also energize the upcoming group of advocates and scientists, many of whom are unaware of the treaty and it’s benefits. In order to bridge this gap, the youth generation has become the very important role in nuclear age. This paper examines how the CTBT...
The Canadian National Seismic Network (CNSN), covering one of the largest single-network areas worldwide, plays an important role in global nuclear explosion monitoring. As such, and in light of the recent CNSN refurbishment program, we present two national-scale models of local and regional velocity and regional frequency-dependent attenuation relations for 3-D crustal and upper mantle...
The Regional Seismic Travel Time (RSTT) tomography model has been developed to improve travel time predictions for regional phases (Pn, Sn, Pg, Lg) in order to increase seismic location accuracy, especially for explosion monitoring. The RSTT model is specifically designed to exploit regional phases for location, especially when combined with teleseismic arrivals. The latest RSTT model (version...
The decision that a given detection level corresponds to the effective presence of a signal (i.e. a radionuclide activity) is currently widely made on the basis of a classic hypothesis test. However, the classic framework suffers several drawbacks, such as the impossibility to provide a probability of a given level of signal or a limitation on the type of distributions (ISO 11929)....
In the framework of the everyday activity of NDCs analysts, accurate EDS analysis is generally achieved through a correctly identification of various spectral picks and other features of the spectrum. However, in practice, it is easy to misidentify the X-ray picks based on preconceptions of the result and due to presence of cumulated peaks even though the analyst think it should not. In fact,...
The On-Site Inspection Action Plan (OSI-AP), CTBT/PTS/INF.1343, serves as a tool for furthering OSI capabilities towards the establishment of a balanced, coherent, and robust verification regime at entry into force (EIF) of the CTBT. In furtherance to the objectives of OSI-AP, an experts meeting was held on 7-9 March 2018 to consider issues relating to OSI GVOB and position finding....
The Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) is establishing an International Monitoring System (IMS) including 80 radionuclide stations, of which 40 will also be equipped with capabilities for measuring CTBT relevant xenon isotopes (Xe-131m, Xe-133, Xe-133m and Xe-135). The CTBTO International Data Centre (IDC) operates dedicated analysis...
Among the most promising technologies for next generation of noble gas systems are those based on Silicon PIN diodes for beta. It has been demonstrated that the high electron energy resolution of these detectors can significantly improve the discrimination power between Xe-131m and Xe-133m. The first next generation noble gas (NG-NG) systems SAUNA-III and SPALAX- NG developed, respectively, by...
Under the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), On-Site Inspection (OSI) is the final CTBT tool to be used for proofing suspicious nuclear explosions after entry-into-force of the treaty. Over a decade, a huge attention has been paid on the development and testing of On-Site Inspection (OSI) procedures, techniques, and equipment to reveal whether or not underground nuclear testing...
The poster briefly describes work using one- and two-dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to categorize radionuclide spectra. The aim of this work is to automatically recognize 'normal' spectra and thus possibly reduce the work of the human analysts, which would need to focus on the unusual spectra which are more difficult to categorize.
In this study we describe an improved semi-automatic cepstral method for estimating the depth of very shallow earthquakes (depth < 3km ) and explosions. To estimate yield and location, this method is crucial, especially for explosions, for which the depth phase (pP) is not easily discernable from the first arrival (P). Unlike previous cepstral studies, our novel procedure utilizes the Power...
Under the Comprehensive-Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty a State Party can request an on-site inspection to establish whether or not a nuclear explosion has been carried out. Gamma radiation measurements would form a key component of the operation. However, the inspected State Party may declare up to 50 km^2 of restricted-access sites (RAs) each of area up to 4 km^2. We have developed the Silicon...
One of the problems in OSI subsurface techniques development is uncertainty of potential target objects. In general approach (which includes OSI modelling) the zones of explosive disintegration are presented in simplified form – as a vacuous cavity with area of active crush around it. Real situation is described by more complicated model with presence of other disrupted areas, including spall...
Numerous studies have shown for small regions monitored by a sparse network, that modern methods of detecting and locating clusters of seismic events are orders-of-magnitude more effective that traditional methods (which analyze events one-at-a-time). But can modern methods be effective over broad areas? We describe practical experience answering this question in application to a large region...
Exercises play an integral role in efforts to build up the on-site inspection (OSI) element of the verification regime established by the CTBT, as they allow various inspection activities, techniques, processes and procedures to be tested manner against a robust and realistic scenario. The OSI Exercise Plan 2016-2020 foresees the conduct of three Build-up Exercises (BUE) covering all...
The Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB) of the IDC includes more than 550,000 events with associated seismic and infrasound phases. Continuous comparison of the event hypotheses tested as REB events during routine interactive analysis with these historical events allows for significant improvement of the REB consistency. We use the method of waveform cross correlation (WCC) for assessment of the...
Interferometric techniques using radar signals to map the elevation of the Earth´s surface or to map differences in the topography as a function of time have surged in applications in the last few years. Satellite interferometry, using successive radar images of the Earth's surface are now routinely used to monitor subsidence of sedimentary basins due to water of oil extraction, for example....
Areas contaminated with high or lethal radioactivity are deemed as the highest risk for the OSI inspectors if they stay or work there. Besides, other harsh environments, tough conditions, limited personnel also makes the challenge for an OSI system. These circumstances call for an advanced approach to deal with those problems. In this case, an unmanned system equipped with sampling gears could...
In this work, an advanced machine learning technique named diffusion maps is applied for automatic identification of repeating seismic event clusters such as an aftershock sequence. Identification of such a sequence will help to lighten the analysts’ burden and to allow for timely production of reviewed bulletins. The proposed methods begin with a pre-processing stage in which a time–frequency...
We develop a machine learning approach to emulate seismic-phase travel time calculation through a 3-dimentional (3-D) Earth model. Our goal is to establish a computationally efficient way to implement 3-D Earth models in real-time monitoring systems and enable routine utilization of 3-D models in basic research. Seismic-phase travel times computed using a 3-D Earth model can reduce travel-time...
The CTBTO's International Data Centre is in the final stages of implementing NET-VISA to perform the automatic association and location steps in the next generation IDC software. NET-VISA applies a Bayesian approach with a forward physical model using probabilistic representations of the propagation, station capabilities, background seismicity and noise statistics to obtain the maximum a...
Iran plateau is known as one of the highest seismic active regions in the world. Therefore, it is very important to know quickly about the location and the source mechanism of large earthquakes. The broadband seismic network of Iran was established since 1998 with 4 broadband seismic stations by International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES). During last few years the...
A research concept presented on a poster at the very first SnT conference in 2011 has resulted in a fully-fledged operational software product named NET-VISA. It has become one of the tools used by the International Data Centre (IDC) waveform analysts to review and improve the SEL3 bulletin and produce the REB, one of the finest global seismological bulletins, and the only one to combine...
On 15 November 2017, the loss of the Argentinian ARA San Juan submarine was detected by three IMS hydrophone stations, ranging from 6,000 km in the Atlantic Ocean to 12,400 km in the Indian Ocean. The great data quality and high signal to noise ratio on the two closest stations allow to identify direct and several reflected paths on different types of bathymetric structures. An original...
This project proposal will consider the instrumentalisation of diplomacy through scientific investigation to strengthen support for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) and its verification regime. It will look at CTBT ratification through a step-by-step, non-traditional security approach by showcasing the International Monitoring System’s (IMS) civilian potential and its benefits...
Tsunami waves, volcano eruptions, underwater explosions, whales, cyclones are the major sources of hydro acoustic signal from all around the world. Those signals are verified by the CTBTO IMS, having 3 out of 11 HA IMS stations located in the Indian ocean. Surprisingly, insufficient research has been conducted regarding the area’s sustainability, particularly incorporating CTBTO capacity to...
The Argentine submarine ARA San Juan went missing on 15th November 2017. The last confirmed contact was from a location around 600 kilometres offshore the San Jorge Gulf, Argentina. In order to provide information which could potentially help in the search for the ARA San Juan, CTBTO analysed data recorded by its International Monitoring System (IMS). Two IMS hydroacoustic hydrophone stations,...
The purpose of this research is to investigate the potentiality for a geothermal system that could be in place in the locality of Las Trincheras-Mariara, Carabobo State, Venezuela. In the context of, CTBT and the Sustainable Development Goal. The area is characterized by the presence of hot springs and extensive low-intensity seismicity. The main events magnitudes are 4.7 and 4.9,...
Krakatau volcano formed as impact of Indo-Australian and Eurasian plate activity during millions years. It’s located at Sunda strait, between Java and Sumatra islands. Krakatau volcano was erupted in 1883, with eruption scale estimated 30 times atomic bombs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The eruption cause more than 36.000 casualties and generate tsunami with maximum run-up around 30 meter in Java...
The HA08 hydrophone triads to the north and south of Diego Garcia constantly record low frequency whale calls. This work builds detectors for different types of blue whales; the Antarctic, Sri Lankan, Madagascan, and an unidentified type. There are significant challenges for constructing detectors. The calls are complicated, and show variations in intensity across frequency bands, and the...
Infrasound has great potentials to monitor ongoing volcanic explosive eruptions at source-to-receiver distances up to 1000s of km. However, while at short distances (< few 10s km) its operational use is feasible and well demonstrated, at long range its efficiency is still debated, mostly because of time varying propagation effects and the ubiquity of infrasound signals produced by multiple...
The existing infrastructure of the six Hydroacoustic System spans remote locations of the world. The first of these systems at Diego Garcia is reaching its 20 year life and consideration to the maintenance and replacement of the systems is ongoing. This presentation will discuss opportunities to incorporate advancements in active junction box design, facilitating the inclusion of wet-mate...
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization’s (CTBTO) International Monitoring System is a unique resource of reliable data that can be utilized to monitor many climate and man-made catastrophes. Our project aims to magnify the impact of this data by exploring new relationships between the CTBTO and social media platforms that include crisis and emergency response programs, which...
The Ocean Observatories Initiative Cabled Array (OOI-CA) commenced operation in 2014 with two trunk cables extending offshore from the central Oregon Coast, that incorporate multiple science nodes which host approximately 140 commercial and custom oceanographic instruments. With an operational life of 25 years, this undersea network delivers ample power and real-time data acquisition to...
Ambiguity in triangulation of events recorded on the IMS hydroacoustic network depend on the accuracy in knowing when these events occurred. Considering only the direct "line-of-sight" propagation path to a station, three stations are needed to pinpoint an event time. To overcome this requirement, consideration of additional signal features relating to the propagation characteristics can...
Renewable energy is one of the most efficient ways to achieve sustainable development, there are several opportunities for Renewable Energy Sources, as well as for nuclear technologies to contribute to mitigating climate change and to promote sustainable development (SD) the picture of nuclear power’s role is significantly different within different countries and different world regions. In a...
The estimation of the released event energy is part of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty organization analysis. For events occurring underwater and underground the methods for energy estimation are well developed. However, for atmospheric events the accuracy of the methods which rely on data recorded by infrasound stations is not good enough. In the past few years the passage of energy...
The dam break of the Fundão dam on November 5th 2015, in the municipality of Mariana, Minas Gerais State, produced the worst environmental disaster ever observed in Brazil. A huge mud flow destroyed a nearby town, causing 19 deaths and leaving a trail of destruction as it advanced along the Doce River up to the ocean for 680 km. This flood of slurry resulted in a lack of potable water and...
On September 1st, 2018 a devastating explosion occurred on the facility of an oil refinery near Ingolstadt, Germany. We analyzed data of 400 permanent and temporary seismic stations and find strong seismo-acoustic signals on more than 80 seismic stations. The infrasound signal is detectable on seismic stations within 10 - 400 km from the source, with 40 km spatial resolution. We confirm the...
Our project seeks to explore how the IDC can be incorporated into disaster preparedness laws, to promote safer and more sustainable cities in furtherance of SDG 11. Noting that disasters disproportionately affect slums, we will also explore how advocates for slum upgrading and affected communities can utilize IDC data as evidence to advocate for more inclusive preparedness laws. First, we will...
Following an underground nuclear explosion, emission of radioactive gases to the atmosphere is controlled by properties of the geological media and the applied pressures and temperatures. These conditions are highly variable in space and time, leading to modulations of gas fluxes at the soil-atmosphere interface that must be understood for proper detection of nuclear events both through the...
Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity, becoming extreme and complex and have been affecting many countries over recent years. The need for a modern, multi-hazard, disaster response system to strengthen the national and collective ability to prevent and prepare for emergencies is evident. Early warning is a major component of disaster risk reduction with the potential to...
Since the signing of Comprehensive Nuclear test-ban Treaty CTBT in 1996 and the establishment of IMS International Monitoring Systems for the verification of nuclear explosions significant improvements has been achieved in monitoring systems. . The improvements in seismic detection systems and the technology has substantially surpassed the development and the sophistication of infrasound...
The Great Lakes region is hit by geological hazards that disrupt sustainable development in the region. Most of the cities in the region are located in the East African Rift. This is the case of some cities in which the vulnerability is on a high level. CTBTO has installed two seismographic stations in Kenya and one in Uganda. The ongoing maintenance of these stations by CTBTO has provided a...
In late September and early October 2017, the International Monitoring System and several national radiation surveillance networks in Eastern and Western Europe reported low levels of the airborne radionuclide contaminants ruthenium-106 and ruthenium-103, with both species being CTBT relevant. Filters from the national networks of Sweden operated by the Swedish Defence Research Agency,...
As a result of nuclear weapon testing,certain markers appear,and that allows to identify a nuclear explosion.Modern technologies and methods allow hiding radioactive isotopes after an explosion or camouflage seismic signals,but the means and methods of masking antineutrinos do not exist.Antineutrino is a particle that is the only true real-time nuclear signature from a nuclear explosion that...
The resonance seismometry is one of the CTBT’s permitted techniques during OSI. Numerical modeling of seismic wave fields makes it possible to investigate resonance phenomena and their signatures in free-surface records. The necessary condition for reasonable results is an optionally accurate and computationally efficient numerical-modeling tool together with a sufficient set of realistic...
Radioactive xenon isotopes are signatures of clandestine underground nuclear tests. Their low concentrations remote from the event require collection and separation from large quantities of air using porous carbon sorbents. Unfortunately, due to their short half-lives, large dilution factors, and the long times required to remotely acquire samples, information concerning the time, location,...
Unfortunately only Xe133 usually detected in the air samples on IMS Noble Gas installations due to its relatively higher concentration in comparison with metastable xenon isotopes which concentrations in the ambient air are on few orders magnitude less and only within short distance to nuclear facilities it is possible to detect them. The new proposed method use Xe sample of big volume for...
Seismic spectral ratios between the 2017 North Korean nuclear test(NKT2017) and four other Korean tests conducted in 2009(NKT2009), 2013(NKT2013), January, 2016(NKT2016J) and September, 2016 (NKT2016S) are investigated. All the observed teleseismic P-wave spectral ratios exhibit a unique notch at approximately 2.5Hz that is not observed for regional P- and Lg-wave spectral ratios. Meanwhile,...
PNNL is exploring the use of 37Ar for detecting nuclear explosion, including for use in the International Monitoring System (IMS). A high throughput 37Ar separation and measurement system was developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to detect 37Ar activity generated from an underground nuclear explosion. Argon-37 is an activation product generated when neutrons interact with...
On September 3rd 2017 official channels of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea announced the successful test of a fusion bomb. This would be a major step in the nuclear program of North Korea. This study provides a multi-technology analysis of the 2017 North Korean event and its aftermath using a wide array of geophysical methods (seismology, infrasound, remote sensing, radionuclide...
Gravitational field mapping is permitted by paragraph 69 of the CTBT treaty (1996; UN A/50/1027) to be deployed during the continuation period of an on-site inspection (OSI) to look for features relevant to underground nuclear explosions (UNEs). Examples of features of interest include tunnels used for horizontal emplacements, and underground voids and collapse features caused by vertical...
The UK National Data Centre (NDC) has developed a custom radionuclide analysis pipeline that has been integral to the NDC’s capability to utilise data from the IMS. A number of novel software tools have been conceived to aid review of IMS events and these have been put to use in a study of the North Korean Region. By considering known emitters of radionuclides and relating these to detections...
KMA has been operating infrasound array stations at Cheorwon(CW) and Yanggu(YG) since 2011. KMA’s infrasound stations successfully detected the azimuthal directions of the arrivals of the infrasound signals generated from DPRK’s underground nuclear explosions. Recently, we tested ray tracing simulation of infrasound wave propagation in the atmosphere generated from the calculation methods of...
In this presentation we discuss findings from a study to test the sensitivity of large gadolinium-doped water detectors to antineutrinos released by nuclear-fission explosions, using updated signal and background models and taking advantage of the capacity for seismic observations to provide an analysis trigger. We find that advances in seismic monitoring and neutrino physics have made the...
We equalize regional P, surface, and the P+surface waves simultaneously to estimate reduced displacement potential (RDP) and depth of burial (DOB) of DPRK nuclear explosions, using waveforms from the stations at IRIS DMC. RDPs are predicted using the formula in Saikia (2017). The algorithm starts with the initial RDP and DOBs for two explosions. RDP of one explosion S1 is convolved with the...
Small low-cost microelectromechanical system (MEMS) triaxial sensors provide ground-acceleration measurements of moderate to large earthquakes. However, the common challenge of such sensors are low dynamic range which is because of high self noise of these systems. In this paper, a new configuration for reducing self-noise of MEMS acceleration sensors is provided. Using this configuration, a...
The Source Physics Experiments (SPE) are a series of controlled chemical explosions at the Nevada National Security Site to gather observations to verify and validate explosions physics-based numerical models, and to understand, in particular, the genesis of shear waves to improve nuclear monitoring capabilities. Executed between 2011 and 2016, SPE Phase I included six chemical explosions...
Detecting ocean-floor seismic activity is crucial for our understanding of the interior structure and dynamic behavior of the Earth. However, 70% of the planet's surface is covered by water and seismometers coverage is limited to a handful of permanent ocean bottom stations. It can be shown that existing telecommunication optical fiber cables can detect seismic events when combined with...
Ctbto in Indonesia has one data center and six auxiliary station. Each types have different categorized troubleshoot. On NDC we have Power, Communication and Server problem to troubleshoot. Meanwhile at auxiliary station we have Power, Communication and Seismic Sensor problem to troubleshoot. Some of those problem are Independent but other are linked to each categorized. With more and more...
Since 1999 , I participated in many NDC capacity building activities and NDC training courses and OSI activities and now I am one of the Third On-Site Inspection Training Cycle participants. I participated in : NDC training courses: TRAINING COURSE FOR TECHNICAL STAFF OF NDC’S, Training Course on NDC Capacity Building : Access and Analysis of Radionuclide IMS Data and IDC Products, Training...
On this research we present 22 new focal mechanism solutions for shallow earthquakes (<70km depth) located at Bolivia region, most of them were felt by people and caused some damage to structures. Until 2016 the way of data processing with a small network did not allow us to get focal mechanism solutions for magnitudes below 4.5 Ml. After 2016 with the seismic network enhanced and the data...
The main objective the study is to determine 3D dynamic earthquake rupture scenarios in the Sea of Marmara, considering non-planar fault geometry and heterogeneous stress structures, since the Marmara region is prone to a large earthquake (M>7.0) with its >15 million inhabitants in İstanbul. We adapt creeping and locked parts of the segments of the Main Marmara Fault (MMF) via results of...
7Be is one of the cosmogenic isotopes most efficiently produced in nuclear spallation reactions induced by the interaction of cosmic rays and atmosphere constituents, then it rapidly attaches to suspended aerosols and its fate is governed entirely by atmospheric dynamics. With a relative short half-life of 53.22(6)d it decays via electron capture and one of the by products of this transition...
An important part of historical seismographic data research is data archiving and digitization. In the second half of the 20th century the monitoring of seismic events caused by nuclear explosions was an essential goal of each seismological service. More than 400 of them were recorded by the Slovak National Network of Seismic Stations. So far no special catalogue of seismic events caused by...
The 2015 Mount Kinabalu Earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 6.0 and focal depth 10 km located 6.014°N 116.563°E in the Kinabalu Mountain of Sabah lasted for about 30 seconds. This earthquake occurred well away from the nearest plate boundary in the region of very low historical seismicity mainly because of the rupture of a northwest‑dipping normal fault that did not reach to the surface....
Central Asia is located in a tectonically active and complex region. The area is characterized by high levels of seismicity, and many catastrophic earthquakes have occurred. Central Asia also contains or is within regional distances of many of the world’s nuclear test sites. Seismic networks in the region were developed during Soviet times, with each republic operating independent networks...
In general, determination of focal mechanism solutions for individual events with a sparse recording network is difficult due to low S/N and poor azimuthal coverage. For areas with frequently repeating small to medium-size seismic events, composite focal mechanisms are constructed by superimposing data from events that rupturing the same fault segment and have similar or identical source...
The prediction of radionuclide source term values generated from a nuclear test, and discriminating those radionuclides from a competing background activity, including medical isotope production, is an important metric in treaty monitoring activities. To properly quantify the various fission products and other radioactive materials generated in a nuclear explosion, capturing the effects of...
One of the main factors causing noise in the records of precision long-period seismometers is the temperature fluctuations of the mechanical elements of the seismometers and their sensitive sensors caused by temperature fluctuations in their internal space due to the presence of local heat sources. Electronic components, for example, operational amplifiers, resistors and inductances that are...
The verification systems described in arms control treaties are the products of negotiations that involve compromises. As a result, the end product may not be optimal. Nevertheless, the associated technical organizations are expected to provide assurances that information generated through monitoring will be sufficient to detect non-compliance. To evaluate the performance of a verification...
A new method for analysis of beta-gamma coincidence radioxenon spectra has been developed. The problem is formulated as a linear equation system, solved by matrix inversion. This makes the analysis procedure simpler compared to the NCC method, including the calculation of covariances. Furthermore, only 6 instead of 10 regions of interest are needed. In addition, the estimation of the decision...
A new method for calculating 1D local seismic velocity model is proposed by using one of the powerful methods in global optimization techniques named Fuzzy Self-Tuning Particle Swarm Optimization (FST-PSO). It generates random particles (velocity models) in a pre-defined solution space in which after number of iterations they lead to a model that yields best fits to the data. Not using the...
In this paper we propose a new approach for the separation of different seismic waves (mainly P and S) which is based on the blind deconvolution of the signals provided by an array of seismic sensors. For this, we model the signal provided by each sensor by a noisy convolutive mixture of different seismic waves, where the noise signal, which we consider a source in its own right, is not...
Nowadays, gamma dose rate images are created by "gamma cameras", commercially available, unsuitable to be used in many cases of verification of undeclared activities and detection of radioactive hot spots. The new gamma camcorder developed by INVAP, change the way you see gamma radiation fields, allowing to scan and film a gamma radiation field at 1 frame/second, with a compact, affordable,...
The low Brazilian seismicity, with only three continental earthquakes of magnitude five in the last three decades and, until recently, the low number of seismic stations, explain why it is very difficult to detect events at regional distances that can be classed as Ground True 5 (GT5). In the first PTS - CTBTO RSTT meeting (in 2012) seismologists from the South America were encouraged to...
Last theoretical study on the effect of gamma radiation on natural rocks shown their spectrum in infrared region will affected by radiation (Ejtehadi et al., SNT 2017). Infrared spectrometry works by analyzing the amount of energy found in infrared photons absorbed by the molecule which depends on the energy of the vibrational molecules. Gamma ray is one type of photon with high energy which...
In the context of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, the CEA developed the SPALAX system about 15 years ago. It is currently implemented in the International Monitoring System to detect and characterize xenon releases following a nuclear explosion. This system is still under continuous improvement; in order to reduce the footprint and the energy consumption, the separation and...
This experimental study demonstrates a new three-component accelerometer that is based on the moiré technique. Our goal was to build an optical accelerometer whose performance is similar to that of seismic sensors yet can operate. The oscillation system of the sensor is a spring-suspended mass whose position is monitored by moiré technique. We used two similar overlaid gratings at a small...
By exploiting the fact that most real-life signals are sparse in the time-frequency (TF) domain, a significant suppression of the unwanted cross-terms can be achieved in the signal TF representation. In this work, we propose a sparse reconstruction algorithm, based on the two-step iterative shrinkage/thresholding (TwIST) algorithm, in which the soft-thresholding value is adaptively determined...
A Post Sunda Strait Tsunami Survey of December 22nd 2018 Tsunami Indra Gunawan, Suci Dewi Anugrah, Muhamad Fadhillah, Aprilyanto, Anton Sugiharto, Rudianto, Lili Somali, Tatok Yatimantoro *The Agency of Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Two days after the Sunda Strait Tsunami, 22 December 2018, a post survey was conducted surrounding the strait, along the coast of the Banten as...
Underground nuclear tests give rise to seismic and infrasound signals that can be detected on International Monitoring System (IMS) stations. The infrasonic signals are due to seismo-acoustic coupling. The radiation of infrasound is dependent on source depth. Recent studies have demonstrated the added value of seismo-acoustic analyses, for example, to improve depth-yield estimates of (nuclear)...
Seismic interferometry is applied, for the first time, to extract reflector Green’s Functions (GFs) at PDAR, Pinedale, Wyoming, USA, a well-calibrated IMS primary seismic array. For improved event location, a semi-automatic method is developed to extract and interpret crustal reflector structure beneath each station. To address challenges related to phase identification, we use synthetic...
Seismic source recognition based on acquired signals is a complex analysis and a difficult task to model using classical mathematical methods. In fact, seismic signals are affected by complex geological conditions and several types of noise sources. Nowadays, artificial intelligence techniques have attracted increasing attentions among scientists to handle real world problems which cannot be...
The objectives of this study are to determine P and S wave velocity model in the crust and to characterize seismic wave propagation in the Javakheti Highland and surrounding areas, including north-western part of Armenia. The 3D crustal velocity model is constructed using the local seismic events recorded by seismic stations from newly established Armenian network. Above mentioned stations are...
Accurate gamma spectrometric measurements are depended on correct values of several parameters. One of these is corrections for true summing coincidences of the gamma emitted by the assayed radionuclides. Coincidence summing correction factors are nuclide specific and should be applied to relevant measured peak areas to obtain accurate activity results. In the study several radionuclides for...
The National Data Center in Ghana was established in February, 2010 at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission. The Center is mandated to collate seismic, radionuclide, infrasound and hydroacoustic data for monitoring nuclear test explosions for global peace. The data are obtained from our neighboring country Cote d’Ivoire and the International Data Center in Austria. The objectives of the Data...
Traditionally dispersion models have quite rudimentary descriptions of the processes that change the aerosol size distribution and composition throughout the transport. These processes, aerosol dynamics, include wet and dry deposition, coagulation, condensational growth, chemical interactions, nucleation of new aerosols and the interaction between the released aerosol and the ambient...
The African Geodetic Reference Frame (AFREF) is conceived as a unified geodetic reference frame for Africa. It will be the fundamental basis for the national three-dimensional reference networks fully consistent with ITRF. When fully implemented, its backbone will consist of a network of continuous, permanent GPS stations such that a user anywhere in Africa would have free access to such...
Palu, Sigi and Donggala areas were devastated by a large earthquake on Friday September 28, 2018 at 10: 02: 43,674 UTC. Information released by Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) shows the strength of the earthquake at magnitude 7.4 with a depth of 10 km, epicenter at coordinates of 0.22 S and 119.85 E. This earthquake is based on focal mechanism data is a...
The paper is devoted to the study of active tectonics of the Tien Shan and Dzungaria - the area of interaction of the two largest lithospheric plates: the Indo-Australian and Eurasian. Interest in this area is due to the fact that its study can provide materials for answering some questions of the modern theory of tectonics of lithospheric plates, among which the problem of intra-continental...
The assessment of Cross Correlation bulletin (XSEL) was performed for two data days in October 2018. 208 and 449 events were used for REB and XSEL bulletins, respectively. The objectives were: 1) investigate XSEL new events; 2) assess quality of XSEL. For the first objective, waveform data for the 244 XSEL new events were investigated. Of these 10 (4.1%) were found to build legitimate events....
An earthquake precursor is a phenomenon which takes place sufficiently prior to the occurrence of an earthquake. Agency for meteorology, climatology and geophysics (BMKG) have earthquake precursor monitoring system in Palu, Indonesia. This system monitor and record some physical parameter such as: radon content, groundwater level, humidity and temperature.Its monitoring has been used as a...
Brazil is located in the stable continental interior of South American plate. The seismicity distribution is not uniform and in general it is characterized by low seismicity (M<3.5). In the last century occurred only two dozen events of magnitudes above 5, two of which with magnitudes larger than 6. The Brazilian Seismic Catalog was initially compiled by Berrocal et al. (1984) and it is...
The study aimed to produce landslide susceptibility maps based on GIS and Remote Sensing modeling and to conduct field surveys to get the local community’s view about the landslides in Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir. Landslide susceptibility index (LSI) maps were prepared utilizing different parameters namely topographic (slope, aspect, elevation, plan curvature, land use/land cover etc.);...
Strong infrasound signals from the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) underground nuclear test on 3 September 2017 were observed at IMS infrasound station IS45 in Russia around 25 minutes after the explosion, consisting of 2 distinct high-amplitude peaks about 1 min apart. From Progressive Multi-Channel Correlation (PMCC) processing and frequency wave-number analysis these arrivals...
Analysis of Kosti Meteorite using Infrasound data: A case study in Sudan 1Naila M.O.Babiker; 2Madu Uchenna Onwuhaka 1Sudan National Data Center, Remote Sensing and Seismology Authority, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan Email Address nailamoh @ yahoo.com. 2Nigeria National Data Centre, Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission, Abuja, Nigeria ABSTRACT A meteorite fell in Kosti city located...
From 2006 to 2017 seismic monitoring noted that North Korea conducted nuclear tests six times, namely on October 9, 2006 (M 4.3), May 25, 2009 (M 4.7), February 12, 2013 (M 5.1), January 6, 2016 ( M 5.1), September 9, 2016 (M 5.3), and September 3, 2017 (M 6.3). The purpose of this study is to find the comparative value between seismic radiation energy and Plutonium-240 energy. This study uses...
Grímsvötn volcano, located under the Vatnajökull glacier on the center of the active NE rift zone of Iceland, is the most active volcano of Iceland. Its last eruption, on May 2011, broke the ice cover and became subaerial explosive, ejecting volcanic ash into the atmosphere, causing a major impact in air traffic in Northwestern Europe and in the North Atlantic. We present long-range...
Mount Etna, the largest and most active volcano of Europe, is located on the NE region of Sicily Island, southern Italy. Its recent volcanic activity is typically effusive with explosive episodes and lava fountaining able to produce high (up to 15 km) eruptive plumes. On the behalf of the ARISE2 project, the universities of the Azores (UAc) and Florence (UniFI) carried out a collaborative...
In the current work we discuss IMS infrasound observations from a bolide occurring over the Bering Sea in December 2018 recorded at eight infrasound IMS arrays at distances from 2,000 up to nearly 8,000 km. We use the Bayesian Infrasound Source Location (BISL) procedure to obtain a source location and an origin time. Detection patterns and celerity observations validate the presence of a...
The analysis of filtered and enhanced Time Domain airborne Electromagnetic (TDEM) data acquired over Ilesha Schist Belt in southwestern Nigeria with the desire to characterize the subsurface in terms of rock distribution and structural framework for the purpose of evaluating the gold mineralization potential of the region, indicate high amplitude conductive subsurface (60,000 – 120,000 mS/m)...
On the 15th of May 2018, an unusual seismic event of magnitude 5.9 has been detected in North-West of Madagascar. Following that event, thousands of earthquakes were detected from that zone. By combination of data recorded from the local seismic network and the seismic stations of the International Monitoring System, the NDC Madagascar have an inventory of more than fifty seismic signal per...
This presentation gives an overview of the seismic analysis software package SEISAN. Initially SEISAN was developed to analyse seismic records of earthquakes in local networks, but the package has undergone a steady development so that it today can be applied to seismic sources at all distances including possible nuclear explosions. SEISAN is used in more than 30 countries, mainly in small...
We conducted research to study the main characteristic features of the seismo-ionospheric variations derived from GPS data called Total electron content (TEC). TEC is quantity for the ionosphere of the Earth, TEC is the total number of electrons integrated between two points, along a tube of one meter squared cross section. We have analyzed some earthquakes (M>5) that occurred within 2018 to...
Historically, nuclear explosion monitoring has been performed via atmospheric transport of radionuclides. In this paper, we aim to answer the question "Is there a role for antineutrino detectors for monitoring of nuclear explosions?" The International Monitoring System (IMS) is a network of detectors established under the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty that continuously monitors the...
The unprecedented growth in the information technologies has opened the gates to explore the atmosphere, in a greater depth, for detecting, locating and determining the spatial or temporal pattern of any natural or anthropogenic change occurring in its layers. The Infrasound technologies, in the recent years, have been exponentially evolved to a much broader discipline encompassing...
The number of water-related challenges are expected to increase in the future. They can differ from the impact of floods, droughts, glacier dynamics and economic to population growth, etc. To tackle these challenges, hydrological models have developed to explore the solutions for sustainable water management. Streamflow forecasting as one of the crucial topic in hydrology is essential for...
This paper is devoted to the use of the optimal filtering technique for the correction of seismic signal records, where there may also be some noise associated with both fluctuations in atmospheric pressure and temperature. It is not possible to record seismic true information about the movement of the soil by modern seismic instruments due to the considerable sensitivity of these instruments...
Some radionuclides were detected in monitoring stations in Korea from a Fukushima accident ocurred in March 2011. In particular, the maximum concentrations of I-131 and Cs-137 were shown on the 6th and 7th of April at Gunsan and Busan in Korea, respectively. A source detective system has been applied to investigate the transport pathway of radionuclides measured in the air sampling in Korea...
Within the framework of the CTBT, both global monitoring and on-site inspections are conducted. The task of the on-site inspection is an evidence reliable assessment of the fact that nuclear tests have done. In this paper, a verification method for identification of nuclear explosions using the tritium content in the environment is proposed to consider. The possibility of event screening using...
Operational weather radar data from eruption of Mt. Krakatoa in Sunda strait located between Sumatra and Java Island Indonesia in 27 December 2018 is analysed to identify mount Krakatoa eruption and its dispersion by using a direct product in the form of CAPPI-MAX (Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator – Maximum) retrieved from reflectivity factor (dBz). The radar can capture the...
The systems developed to detect the emissions of xenon isotopes, for the verification of the CTBT treaty are required to have a very sensitive detection limit, having to reach specific values of minimum detectable activity (MDA). To improve the sensitivity of the measurements and to decrease the minimum detectable activity (MDA) values it is important to reduce, among other factors, the...
We are arguably approaching an era where more and more states may be interested in pursuing nuclear weapons. While export controls limit the sharing of technology and knowledge related to nuclear weapons development, much of the science behind these weapons can be found in the open-source. Because nuclear weapons designs are easier to obtain, the most effective strategy to prevent new states...
For nuclear explosion monitoring isotopic ratios of xenon are used for characterizing an event. Civilian sources of radioxenon have an isotopic signature that may appear different from the one resulting from a nuclear test. This becomes most evident in the four-isotope plot where the nuclear reactor and nuclear test domains are clearly separated from each other. If only one pair of isotope is...
Studies have shown that waveform correlation is effective in detecting similar seismic waveforms from repeating earthquakes, including aftershock sequences. Monitoring agencies have shown interest in adopting techniques to quickly characterize aftershock sequences to reduce the amount of effort required by analysts to add aftershocks to event bulletins. Our experiment uses waveform templates...
The frequency responses of loss moduli of a linear viscoelastic or anelastic continuum shall be consistent with the frequency responses of the respective storage moduli. The same applies to quality factors and the corresponding seismic wave velocities. Our recent reprocessing of earlier laboratory viscoelastic experiments on basaltic lavas shows a general tendency to ideal consistency of the...
Argon-37 is produced in the high troposphere by spallation of argon through 40Ar(n,4n)37Ar and by neutron capture, 36Ar(n,γ) 37Ar. The resulting natural equilibrium concentration of Ar-37 in the mixed troposphere is about 0.5-1 mBq/m3air. This value may define the background level for the use of Ar-37 for search area reduction by means of atmospheric Ar-37 measurements in downwind direction of...
The ARISE (Atmospheric dynamics InfraStructure in Europe) project combines the International infrasound Monitoring system developed for the verification of the Comprehensive nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) with lidar and radar networks and satellites for an improved description of the atmospheric dynamics. Civil applications are the following: - Weather forecasting: It is demonstrated that a...
Seismic networks are source of valuable data for seismological research. Since 2010 in cooperation with French CEA/DASE broadband seismic network in Armenia has been upgraded. Among various tasks in seismological research, modern network allows to improve the quality of the catalogue. The seismicity of Armenian Upland relates to the Arabian-Eurasian plates’ collision, which is characterized by...
In routine processing of IMS infrasound data at the IDC, microbaroms with dominant frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 Hz appear in overlapping frequency bands and are considered as noise. In this study, microbarom signals were used as calibration signals, and their amplitudes at the Argentinian infrasound station IS02 were modelled based on operational ocean wave interaction simulations and a...
The presence of Natural Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMs) and artificial radionuclides in the atmosphere is of special interest to the public health. The fallout of artificial radionuclides from nuclear activities and emissions of NORMs present in the earth’s crust can access the atmosphere. The possibility of air to be contaminated with aerosols and radionuclides is very high. When...
Even though many studies have been carried out to calculate the effects of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident of 26 April 1986, even today, major uncertainties about impact of the accident exist. None of the available source term, used in atmospheric transport models, produces a good representation of the atmospheric dispersion and ground level deposition of radionuclides. In this...
North Korea conducted the sixth underground nuclear test on 3 September 2017 at Punggye-ri Neclear Test Site (NTS). Since North Korean government shut down the site in 2018, this event maybe the last nuclear test carried out at Punggye-ri NTS. We performed atmospheric dispersion simulations on some radioxenon emission scenarios for this event using our Lagrangian Atmospheric Dose Assessment...
first step in the process of dose evaluation is the computation of air concentration of the released radio nuclides using appropriate atmospheric dispersion model . ground contamination level due to dry and wet deposition can also be computed for this model. b- second step is to compute inhalation ,immersion and external gamma doses due to the passage of the plume(in case of continuous and...
Analytical and Commercial Gaussian Plume Dispersions Models are used at INVAP as an efficient tool for the design and optimization of Research Reactors, Medical Production Facilities (MIPFs) and Fuel Elements Manufacturing Plants, already operations in different countries. INVAP has relevant experience related to the atmosphere radionuclide emission, monitoring and mitigation, at each stage of...
Atmospheric Dynamics involves observational and theoretical analysis of all motion systems of meteorological significance, including such diverse phenomena as thunderstorms, tornadoes, gravity waves, tropical hurricanes, extratropical cyclones, jet streams and global scale circulation. When there is a nuclear explosion, all the particles comes out and travel to the oceans, earth and...
The State of Kuwait signed the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1996, and the signature was ratified in May 2003. Kuwait-based Radionuclide Station KWP40 was endorsed by CTBTO; it is ranked 40th among 80 stations operating worldwide. The relationship between the station and the International Data Center (IDC) is cordial considering that they maintain data sharing agreements. The work of the KWP40,...
For the definite proof of the nuclear origin of an explosion it is necessary that traces of radioactive fission products are released into the atmosphere and measured by radionuclide monitoring stations. The nuclear explosion conducted and announced by the DPRK on 3rd September 2017 was the strongest so far as the seismological analysis shows (see other presentations). The dispersion of...
Understanding radioxenon backgrounds is of paramount importance in interpreting IMS xenon data, specifically in screening out uninteresting sources and detecting/locating interesting sources. We simulated atmospheric transport near JPX38 (Takasaki, Japan) to determine the kinds of impact that the limited term regional network of systems there could have on interpreting JPX38 data, even after...
Determination of initial phase type of arrivals is an important step in automatic processing of seismic waveforms. The goal is to classify each STA/LTA detection as either regional S phase, regional P phase, teleseismic phase or as a noise. Correct characterization of arrivals improves automatic event formation in the subsequent steps of automatic processing. In the International Data Centre...
One robust and rapid discriminant between tectonic and treaty-relevant events is based on the discrepancy between seismic wave magnitudes: the surface wave magnitude (MS) and the body-wave magnitude (mb). A better alternative is to consider the MSVMAX, a frequency varying MS between 8 and 40 s period. Such approach opens up the limited frequency range and helps improve event detectability and...
One of the verification methods used for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty (CTBT) is the measurement of environmental radioxenons. Measuring the activity concentration of radioxenon isotopes (131mXe, 133mXe, 133Xe, 135Xe) and discrimination from each other and from 214Pb which is daughter of 222Rn as interference factor in the nuclear detector is a challenge and interesting area of...
Aftershocks from very large earthquakes cause significant difficulties and delays in producing seismic event bulletins. Not only are there many more events to process in a given time, the cost function of generating a reviewed bulletin increases greatly due to poorer automatic event lists. The phase-association algorithms which form the automatic bulletins operate best under normal background...
Awareness activities related to CTBT undertaken by HANEA SnT 2019, 24-28 June 2019 in Vienna, Austria To better participate in the activities of treaty, to popularize the treaty’s benefits and derive profits from treaty, Niger established a national data center (NDC) in 2014. Niger, through its NDC, has established a multidisciplinary team of potential users of IMS data and IDC products. Niger...
The radionuclide monitoring technology, one of the four monitoring technologies used by the CTBTO for detection nuclear explosion, was introduced to the undergraduate students at Technological University. The main objectives of the presentation is to increase knowledge how the CTBT is carrying out the treaty of nuclear weapons test and how the air sample are monitored, detected and sent to the...
In the framework of CTBT monitoring the application of atmospheric Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Models is well established to confine source regions of radionuclide detections. For that Source Receptor Sensitivity (SRS) fields are regularly calculated in backward mode for air samples. Various localization approaches for combining SRS fields for detections at multiple stations caused by an...
Localization of an unintended atmospheric release is crucial in atmospheric monitoring as well as in verification strategy of organizations such as CTBTO or national authorities. To find the location is, however, complex task with many involved uncertainties composed in measured data and technique, usage of an atmospheric transport model, selected weather reanalysis, and used inversion...
On-Site Inspection (OSI) capabilities comprising inspection methodology, equipment and techniques development, training of surrogate inspectors and infrastructure, have been considerably developed within the framework of the comprehensive OSI Action Plan 2016-2019 approved by State Signatories. The application of various techniques including data analyses and integration is at the heart of an...
The first big steps to bring Bulgarian seismology to digital age was made in the end of 2005 when first data transfer from each seismic station to Bulgarian data center was fact and the operation seismologist works directly with digital seismograms. All seismic stations were equipped with 3C broadband seismometers and digitizers DAS 130 of Reftek, brand of Trimble Inc. Automatic EQ processing...
Under CTBT, an On-Site Inspection (OSI) is the final measure to verify compliance with the Treaty and can be used to verify whether a suspicious event was, in fact, a nuclear explosion. But that measurement tends to get a false detection from medical radioisotope production released Xenon. CTBTO commits to limit the released Xenon to 9 Gbq/day but the medical radioisotope producer (MRP) should...
A long-term field study is being performed at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Facility for Acceptance, Calibration, and Testing (FACT) to compare the performance of five infrasound sensors in active use. The goal of this study, which was initiated at the beginning of 2018 and is continuing into 2019, is to evaluate the relative performance of the sensors in a field environment in which the...
The field of artificial intelligence has had an exponential growth in its application in recent years. In particular, machine learning is an effective tool to solve problems that seek to find patterns of behavior from large databases. This boom was largely due to the new and increasingly powerful computing capabilities and a large amount of data available. The IMS has 306 stations installed, 6...
It is very correct that earthquakes are associated with different tectonic, physical, astronomical, climatic and other events. The earthquakes results from geodynamics which produced by earth's stress field and that is a process of Earth's living with the Sun and other celestial bodies and the climate results from the same living. One general connection between climate and the earth's stress...
The Treaty mentions Resonance Seismometry (RS) as a method for the continuation period of the OSI. RS shall use resonant seismic wavefields generated inside the explosion cavity, the rubble zone, or up to the surface to map the suspected subsurface test site. However, RS is not yet an established method in the scientific community, and a variety of different source signals and interpretation...
The Republic of Ghana signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) on October 3, 1996 and ratified the CTBTO on June 14, 2011. In February 2010, Ghana commissioned its CTBT National Data Center(NDC) so that it can support international efforts to monitor nuclear weapons testing more effectively. Seismic data received from the International Data Centre is one of the benefits the CTBT...
The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), the unique and comprehensive verification to ban nuclear explosions is essential for human beings, animals, plants and environment. Policy makers, scientist, technician, academia, students and media members from many countries is implementing to enhance the capabilities of the Treaty’s verification regimes and to become a universal law with...
In 2018, a new joint project started between NORSAR, the Institute of Geophysical Research ME of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Institute of Seismology of the Academy of Science of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. The project focuses on capacity building in Central Asia in relation to technical verification of compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), as well as on...
The specific requirements for a course of On Site Inspection (OSI) of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) place some exceptional challenges in terms of venue and scenarios; equipment transportation; and coordination among different agencies, companies and suppliers. Due to its extent there is no other course like it in the framework of the CTBTO. In April 2018 the...
This paper presents a brief review of the documents determining the progress of on-site inspections, as well as an analysis of the current status of the development of procedures and methods of on-site inspections under the CTBT. In this study we made an overview of the field of nuclear testing in different climatic conditions and made examples of potential difficulties encountered by the...
Non- signatory Annex 2 states are embroiled in difficult geopolitical situations, prone to conflict and misunderstandings. The arms race in the subcontinent and tensions on the Korean peninsula has exacerbated challenges towards sustainable peace and made instant signing of the CTBT elusive. However, there is still room for innovative solutions to be explored given the enormous literature...
At the end of 2015, seismic swarm occurred in Jailolo region, West Halmahera, Indonesia. GFZ Germany collaborate with BMKG Indonesia to monitoring seismic activities in Jailolo by installing temporary 35 seismic stations network. Here we present the results of local earthquake tomographic inversion beneath Jailolo region corresponding to two time periods, June and July 2017. About 6,000 phases...
Monitoring atmospheric radioxenons is essential for confirming an underground nuclear weapon test. Accordingly, it is crucial to the international monitoring system (IMS) of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) to monitor radioxenon worldwide. Four of the xenon isotopes are of interest for CTBT verification; 131mXe, 133mXe, 133Xe and 135Xe. In a nuclear explosion, the four isotopes...
The French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) has developed microbarometers to measure infrasonic waves in the atmosphere. To characterize its sensors and validate their requirements, several test equipment have been developed. An infrasound generator is used to determine the sensitivity of the microbarometer in the frequency range from 0.0001 Hz to 300 Hz. In addition, a sealed enclosure...
The ability of the International Monitoring System (IMS) global infrasound network to detect atmospheric explosions and events of interest strongly depends on station specific ambient noise signatures which include both incoherent wind noise and coherent infrasonic waves. To characterize the coherent ambient noise, broadband array processing has been performed on continuous IMS recordings...
CTBTO has Radionuclide Stations deployed at various parts of the world as part of its verification regime. These stations are collecting data by sampling atmospheric air. The data produced by these stations can be used for studying climate change and its impacts. This data can be projected using pattern informatics techniques to map isotopes production indicating spatial and temporal...
The seasonality and interannual variability of the monthly sea temperature time series profiles (0-100m) were analyzed in four points 10 miles off the Ecuadorian coast located in the equatorial eastern Pacific. The data are of high spatial resolution (1m) and different length; two of them have 20 years and the other two, only five years. The main objective was to identify the depth of the...
In 2016, the cloud platform for the processing of geophysical data was deployed in NDC-UA. NIAB package is used as a base, which can be installed entirely or partially, for example separately Seiscomp3 or Geotool. However, it is possible to install another software. The deployment of the cloud platform in NDC-UA solved the issue of technical resources, greatly reduced the time for the...
A Simple Model for Controlling Stick-Slip Friction and Implications for Effects of Tides on Earthquakes" Irregular stick-slip friction of slowly sheared rocks, or granular materials is affected by small applied oscillatory stresses. Neural Networks (NNs) Modeling such systems is important (1) to predict and control the timing of large slips during friction, and (2) to resolve whether or not...
This study established the level of contamination caused by the decomposition of wastes by defining the lateral distribution and the vertical limit of leachate induced zone of anomalous conductivity distribution within the subsurface through the analyses of Electromagnetic (EM) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) data, generated from the integrated geophysical survey over Awotan...
The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the waveform of nuclear tests based on data obtained the Alibek station. The station successfully registered nuclear tests that took place at North Korea and made a significant contribution to the detection and evaluation of explosion parameters at International Data Centers. In the waveform picture of the explosions, both similar and...
Through my work in JSO (Jordan Seismological Observatory) I noted that there is some differences in the result of seismic data analysis in most of international seismic data centers and the results of IDC products ( REB and SSEB). I compared the seismic data (origin time, Latitude, Longitude, Depth and magnitude) for some event in the International Data Center products REB (Reviewed Event...
We calculated some devastating earthquakes energy which occurred in subduction zone and followed by aftershocks. We compared the amount of energy released between mainshock and aftershock with empirical formula from Guttenberg- Richter relation. Historical data with three months aftershocks after five major earthquake (Bengkulu, Pangandaran, Simeulue, West Sumatra, and Tasikmalaya) was...
We compare a pick-based seismic event detector (PEDAL), to a waveform-based detector (WCEDS). Both algorithms were tested on data from 3-component stations in the University of Utah network. We chose to focus on Utah because the region is tectonically complex and includes both regularly occurring earthquakes as well as various types of anthropogenic sources, hence it presents a variety of...
Radiation spectroscopy of radionuclides is of concern in various applications. Much radionuclides of interest could be attributed as alpha-gamma-emitters which makes it possible to be distinguished by alpha-gamma coincidence methods. . Phoswich is a technique which is based on making a coincidence between different time behaviors of sandwiched fast and slow scintillators. Here, a phoswich...
An underground nuclear test can produce a shockwave that lofts surface material. In 1996, a new phase in stopping all types of nuclear tests began with the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization. However, the nuclear tests are still being performed by some countries, one of them is North Korea on September 3, 2017. The earthquake is one of implication from the nuclear test that can...
Several seismic stations of the International Monitoring System (IMS) as well as non-IMS stations detected seismic signals from an extensive series of low-magnitude aftershocks, which followed the DPRK underground tests. We investigated these events using the waveform cross correlation (WCC) method. One of principal results is aftershock clustering. Using signals measured by IMS stations KSRS...
Bulgarian Antarctic seismic station LIVV was operational within three astral summers between 2015 and 2018 on Livingston Island, Antarctica. The estimated performance of the seismic equipment shows off the capabilities of the station to registere seismic events with different nature. More than 12000 seismic events were registered and the biggest part of them are connected with the seismicity...
The work shows data on Kazakhstan stations contribution into the REB on the number of associated phases in comparison with other IMS stations. It is shown that all Kazakhstan stations are quite effective in monitoring, and are among the first stations on this sign among all stations. And this is also confirmed by the results of world events epicenters mapping, and by such parameters as minimal...
The data of IDC, properly interpreted, predict or prevent some disasters.an earthquake for example, starts with annunciators signals before the event itself. Particularly if the signal is High, it causes usually a tsunami. The objective of this study is to show that in areas of great risk tsunami, it is often possible to give alert or make an emergency evacuation using IDC data . today, the 60...
The Compact Rayleigh Autonomous Lidar (CORAL) is a high-power Rayleigh backscatter lidar designed for profiling the middle atmosphere and studying gravity waves from the troposphere to the mesopause region at around 90 km altitude. It was deployed to Rio Grande, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina in November 2017 and has since then collected more than 1300 h of high-resolution data. Using local...
Three different techniques will be used to investigate the composition of crust and Moho characteristics beneath the northern African region, including Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. These methods are the receiver function (RFs), the joint inversion of RFs and surface wave dispersion (SWD), and seismic tomography. The RFs results will give us the crustal thicknesses (Moho depths)...
Inversion of local earthquake travel times were used to derive a simple model for the crustal velocity structure beneath the Gheshm Island. The P-wave and S-wave travel times from 112 well-located aftershocks of the 2005 Gheshm earthquake (MW 5.8) sequence recorded by the IIEES local seismic network were inverted to determine a 1D velocity model of the upper crust. The network was operational...
New estimates of Moho depth, Poisson's ratio and shear-wave velocities for fourteen seismological stations in Nigeria, Ghana, Mali and Cote d'Ivoire were obtained. The data used for this study was from teleseismic earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances between 30º and 90º and with moment magnitudes greater than or equal to 5.5. P-wave receiver functions were modeled using the Moho Ps...
Mongolian Altai is western part of Mongolia and it is considered seismically active region. There are several active faults such as Sagsai, Ar-Khutul and effect of movement on these active faults cause earthquakes along these faults. In order to study detailed seismotectonics and crustal structure in Mongolian Altay range, 12 broadband seismic stations were installed in Mongolian Altai range,...
Moho depths beneath four Ethiopian Seismic Station Network (ESSN) are estimated from P-wave receiver functions (RF). We used high quality seismic data recorded at ANKE (Ankober), DILA (Dilla), HARA (Harar) and SEME (Semera) stations for earthquakes located at epicentral distances ranging from 30 to 100° with magnitude mb ≥ 5.5. We applied a frequency domain deconvolution technique to remove...
The advent of nuclear weapons was a great shift of paradigm in the global politics and nuclear testing is associated with it. Therefore, it further leads to the concerns of nuclear proliferation (vertical/horizontal) and nuclear safety and security matters. The study will be organised in three parts. I) It will analyse and review the scope of CTBT, II) it will examine the CTBT phases over the...
CTBT is comprehensive for its scientifically acceptable parameters which are are working even without CTBT's coming into force. The Treaty was adopted more than twenty two years back yet it lacks formal enforcement. The formal enforcement has not been possible so far because of Eight States(UCIPINI) which have not ratified it. Ratification of a Treaty is entirely different from its enforcement...
Despite differences on nuclear weapons as being the cause of unending arms race or linchpin of deterrence, there has been general consensus on the need for nuclear disarmament. Putting a ban on nuclear tests remains one of the oldest yet hardest fought items on disarmament agenda. Given their perceived security interests and diverging nuclear ambitions, the abstaining states continue to point...
Nepal is a non-nuclear weapon state. As a peace loving country Nepal has already signed Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1970 and a signatory of the CTBT in 1996 with the commitment of using nuclear techniques in improving human health, world's peace, prosperity and security and not for military purposes. In this run, Nepal has also become a member state of UN's body, the IAEA for the...
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in New York on 24 September 1996. The international Monitoring System is a global network of facilities for detecting evidence of possible nuclear explosions. With 321 monitoring stations and 16 radionuclide laboratories around the world, using seismic, hydroacoustic and infrasound monitoring...
CTBT is on track to make the world free from testing the nuclear weapons in future. "No" to nuclear testing is the only pre requisite to nuclear debate , also a trend setter to progress in arms control and disarmament. There is a need to advocate the youngsters on the role of CTBTO,its mandate and prepare them for the years ahead in countering the challanges ahead. The Initiatives like...
The Kunene Region in north-western Namibia is a geological laboratory for continental break-up whereby the region is littered with faults and thrusts and seismic activity has often been reported. In 2018, an unprecedented number of earthquakes has been recorded. Due to the remoteness of the region, very few people have been able to communicate their experiences to the relevant authorities and...
At a glance participants in e-educational activities differ strongly based on gender. Men tend to be motivated to participate in work-related learning more than women. Women on the other hand are drawn to responsibilities in the home and participate more in work-related training that allow them to perform their responsibilities in the home. One of the targets of the Sustainable Development...
The Link to the database of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) provides both PTS and National Data Centres a dedicated access to datasets maintained by ISC using specially designed graphical interfaces and database queries. This service gives access to several products: the ISC/ISS bulletins of natural seismicity of the Earth, mining induced events, nuclear and chemical explosions;...
A good deal of seismic data is acquired, processed, analysed and stored by CTBTO's IDC. A number of times CTBTO has issued tsunami early warnings based on its seismic data acquisition systems and sensors deployed across the world. The data products though available can be made more sophisticated. Focal Mechanisms (Moment Tensors) and waveforms data can also be shared using an open portal...
It has been demonstrated that education, health and income are the three more important capacity generators for human beings. It is proposed the design and implementation of an educational collaborative online game, mission-oriented, to increase awareness on SDGs, to promote CTBT and CTBTO and to strengthen democratic, local and global values. It simulates the organization of the CTBTO, uses...
CTBTO over the years has emerged as one of the leading scientific data repositories around the world. It has compatible systems including accreditation systems and sizeable footprint at the global level. This elaborate infrastructure and expertise is a result of innumerable efforts of both scientific and diplomatic communities. The lessons learnt, therefore, are immense, all-encompassing and...
Satellites play a significant role in communication, especially in situations where it is impossible to utilize conventional cellular networks. Satellites have been used in Early warning systems, meteorology, navigation and, broadcasting, and surveillance. To this effect, satellites are a strategic asset for CTBTO and any cyber attack on them would have disastrous impact. The security of the...
Experience gained through capacity building activities of the CTBTO in the use of IMS data and IDC products has greatly influenced many developing countries to introduce policy measures to support and invest in the verification regime of the CTBTO through science technology and innovation.The participation of more state parties through workshops,training's,on line modules etc has greatly...
We discuss several topics associated with a stimulation experiment in the Helsinki, Finland, area. In June and July 2018 the St1 Deep Heat company stimulated a rock mass between 6 km and 7 km depth in Otaniemi/Espoo, Finland, to establish an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) to support district heating. Three-component instruments (10) were installed between 238 m and 1620 m depth and 7...
Measurements of electromagnetic (EM) fields have been proposed as a means of supporting and aiding infrasound (IS) signal analysis. As opposed to nuclear explosion, other natural and man-made IS sources do not produce an EM signal. Thus, if an IS signal is not accompanied by an EM pulse, it is known that it is not originated from a nuclear test. Lightning discharges are the main source of EM...
The history of nuclear testing began early on the morning of 16 July 1945 at a desert test site in Alamogordo, New Mexico when the United States exploded its first atomic bomb. Designated as the Trinity Site, this initial test was the culmination of years of scientific research under the banner of the so-called "Manhattan Project". In North Korea conducted the sixth nuclear test in its history...
The processing of the measurement of nuclear facilities stack emissions (Research Reactors and Radioisotopes Production Facilities) has evolved from first monitors based on embedded systems to the latest industral PCs based systems. The Software has been re-designed for the new stack monitor. This new software version is based in a modular architecture that allows to adapt it to the specific...
We analyzed seismic events occurring in Thal region at northwest (NW) margin of Punjab Foreland basin south of the Himalayan Frontal Thrust. For this study, focal mechanism solutions of moderate to small sized events were determined. We performed Moment tensor inversion for recent 23 events occurring during time period 2010-2017, while for older events (i.e. 1981, 1982, 1996 and 1999), first...
On November 29, 2017 a Memorandum was signed between the Department of Foreign Affairs, Commerce and Development in Canada and the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan (ME RK), which implies a property deposit on the part of Canadian partners as a radionuclide noble gas monitoring station in order to strengthen supervision of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. This station...
The proposed collaboration will be an important contribution from OVSICORI-UNA to the volcanic monitoring in Costa Rica as it will expand the spatial coverage beyond that of the permanent International Monitoring System infrasound component in Latin America and the Caribbean.The installation of the portable infrasound array station by PTS-CTBTO and OVSICORI-UNA in the month of November 2018,...
In 2018, a four element portable infrasound array was deployed in the Ecuadorean Amazon region, near Reventador volcano. This experiment was carried out as a collaborative effort between the CTBTO and the Instituto Geofisico, Quito. Due to the amount and frequency of local infrasound sources (e.g. active volcanoes), the mainland portable array installation provides a large amount of data...
To support the development of airborne OSI equipment configurations in a realistic setting prior to actual testing on board an aircraft, an airborne techniques simulator has been designed and constructed. As well as providing a means to support the development of OSI airborne techniques, the simulator offers significant potential to train OSI surrogate inspectors on the application of visual...
The Radionuclide Monitoring Station RN42 is owned by Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) and managed by Malaysian Nuclear Agency. Radionuclide Monitoring Station RN42 Station is a place to detect radioactive particle in the atmosphere located in Cameron Highland Pahang, Malaysia which is 240km far away from Malaysian Nuclear Agency office. The station is operated...
We present highâresolution seismicity imaging after studied the earthquakes which occurred around Tripa fault. Tripa fault is a segmented fault of SFZ, actively moving, characterized by a strike-slip fault and located in southern part of Aceh with SSE strike. We used 10 years earthquake catalogue and continuous seismic waveform from BMKG, including P and S arrival times. We did manually...
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) bans all nuclear explosions, including those detonated underwater. To improve the understanding of the radionuclide signatures of such an event, and whether it would be detectable under the verification regime of the CTBT, the 1955 Wigwam underwater nuclear explosion has been modelled. Inventory calculations and atmospheric transport modelling...
Detection of arrivals at seismic stations in a network is the first step in building seismic events. Improving the ability to accurately identify seismic arrivals for three-component stations in adverse signal-to-noise environments is vital to improving detection and location of seismic events. Waveform correlation and other template matching methods are modern techniques that may be used,...
Electromagnetic pulse has been excluded from the IMS technologies because its high false alarm rate due to lightning discharges. Here we examine a possible method of overcoming this obstacle by merging infrasound data with electromagnetic measurements. The proposed method is based on the fact that all known sources of infrasound, with the exception of a nuclear event, do not emit an...
In recent years, Ukraine and the adjacent territory has been shaken by a large number of explosions. These are industrial explosions, fireball explosions, man-made accidents and the consequences of military actions. The geophysical network of the Main Center for Special Monitoring (MCSM) confidently records the signals from all these events. Additionally, data of MSM and national networks of...
To contribute in putting end of the nuclear explosions around the world with the support of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) we are interested to follow up the explosions and the earthquake in the region and over the world. The national data center in Iraq was established to enable the country have access to international monitoring system (IMS) and international...
Strong earthquakes are rare in southern Africa. Botswana is located in the Southern Region of Africa. Botswana experienced an earthquake on April 3, 2017 that was felt in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Swaziland. Data collected from seismic, infrasound and hydroacoustic (SHI) stations that were at local, regional and teleseismic distances were analysed to determine the epicentre of the event. The...
Objective of these studies was to test possibility of identifying nuclear explosions using a remote seismic network and to evaluate effectiveness of some parameters for identification nuclear explosions. Regional seismic network BAVSEN (Baltic Virtual Seismic Network), which unites 10 seismic stations, was used to identify distant nuclear explosions in North Korea. BAVSEN being a part of the...
Literatures introduced Ionospheric responses to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions in several decades. These events induce the Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) which can be detected by monitoring the temporal and spatial variation of electron content in the ionosphere. On 23 January 2018, multiple geophysical events along the ring of fire were reported. Although a few studies revealed...
Correlation detectors are often used in a context in which detections are implicitly assumed to be identifications. This assumption is valid at sufficiently high detection thresholds. But we often wish to set thresholds as low as possible in order to detect signals obscured by noise. By doing so, we introduce the possibility of detecting signals not from the source of interest. In this work I...
We determined teleseismic short-period body wave magnitude (mb) for the six underground nuclear explosions (UNE) at the North Korean test site by using globally distributed seismographic stations in the epicentral distance range of 30º to 95º. Most of the stations selected for the magnitude determination are located in central Asia, Europe, Australia, and North America, but none from South...
There are hundreds of mines and quarries in the territory of Mongolia using blasts with varying yields and firing schemes. These mining-related explosions occupy a large part of the seismic catalogue issued by the IAG. To discriminate between the earthquakes and explosions is more difficult as the sizes and distances are different for all events. This study is designed to quantify the Baganuur...
The UK NDC Radionuclide analysis pipeline has been designed to be collapsed and rebuilt as required. Whilst the current pipeline is built across a number of high-performance computing systems at AWE Aldermaston, there was a requirement to produce a flexible system that can be deployed at short notice. Taking inspiration from the IDC’s NDC-in-a-Box (NIAB), installation code and documentation...
Beta-gamma coincidence detection methods have become an integral part of the International Monitoring System (IMS), particularly with regards to radioxenon detection. The UK Radionuclide Laboratory (GBL15) is currently working with partners at the University of Surrey and National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in developing a laboratory-based system for beta-gamma coincidence measurements, aiming...
Following the success of AT6101C Backpack-based Radiation Detector ATOMTEX SPE developed a highly sensitive system AT6103 that can be used for locating the sites of nuclear incidents among other applications. The System was supposed to be easily movable. The decision was to use detection devices based on protected cases integrating up to three gamma and/or neutron radiation detection units and...
An ultra-compact lightweight unshielded spectrometer for detection and analysis of atmospheric radioxenons has been developped. This system works at ambient temperature and has a 58 cm3 inner active volume. Atmospheric radioxenon activities are determined with beta/gamma coincidence technique using both NaI(Tl) detectors and large pixellized Si-PIN detectors. The concept of this detection...
Electrostatic precipitation offers an approach to aerosol collection that can provide greater operational flexibility and improved instrument sensitivity to accommodate future radionuclide aerosol monitoring requirements. Due to inherently low pressure drops through the aerosol collector, an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) can accommodate much higher sample flow rates than comparable...
KAERI launched new research reactor project in 2012. The project covers reactor and fission-based medical radioisotope production facilities. Research activities related with fission Mo-99 target and process development have been also initiated in 2012 in Korea. In this report, management scheme for the xenon and iodine emission from the fission Mo-99 process was presented. Additionally,...
Kazakhstan National Data Centre (KNDC) is upgrading the automated system of data acquisition and analysis to extend its capabilities, and support the IMS stations and local stations operation to ensure their long term sustainment. The upgrade includes adoption of several contemporary systems and technologies, such as: open source ZABBIX monitoring system, and Proxmox Virtual Environment...
The Fission Radioisotope Production Plant of Argentina, located at the Ezeiza Atomic Center, produces Mo 99 since 1985, irradiating targets with High Enrichment Uranium. In 2002 the targets have been changed by Low Enrichment Uranium. Facilities that produce radioisotopes by fission are considered one of the largest emitters of radioactive noble gases into the environment. The increase of the...
The crustal structure of Eastern Siberia is poorly known due to its inaccessibility and the sparseness of seismic stations and larger earthquakes. Peaceful Nuclear Explosions (PNEs), detonated by the former Soviet Union are seismologically significant because they are Ground Truth events, wherein the depth and geographic coordinates of energy release (the detonation) are precisely known. The...
To discriminate between recent seismicity around Lake Nasr Aswan region whether is induced or triggered by Lake Reservoir or is of natural origin, we analyze moment tensor solutions and source spectra of recent recorded earthquakes in the area. The earthquake focal mechanisms including source mechanism parameters and source spectra can give important information to assist in discriminating...
In this paper, we investigate the long-range correlations and trends between consecutive earthquakes and Explosions by means of the scaling parameter so-called locally Hurst parameter, H(t), and examine its variations in time, to find a specific pattern exists between events. The long-range correlations are usually detected by calculating a constant Hurst parameter. The multi-fractal structure...
Seismic discrimination between underground nuclear explosions and earthquakes is an important component of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) verification regime. Complexity, Spectral ratio, amplitude ratio of P/S and mb-Ms (body wave and surface wave magnitudes) discrimination methods were applied for identifying natural events from nuclear explosions in China, India, Pakistan, North...
A modern and sensitive seismic network (ASN) is operated in Aswan since June 1982 for monitoring the earthquake beneath Nasser Lake. It is 23 field stations distributed south of Aswan High Dam. ASN records are clear and high quality digital waveform seismogrms. In that region, the seismic disturbances are also generated by the ongoing quarry blasts that are carried out mostly in the day time....
Data of seismic monitoring network KNET, located in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, which is began its operation in 1991 are actively used by researchers around the world. Over the years, the KNET network has recorded a large number of seismic events of various nature occurred in the area of the Lop Nor test site. In addition, on several stations of KNET network such as AAK, EKS, BGK, CHM and TKM...
In the present study, the anatomy of the uppermost subcontinental lithosphere (USCL) under southern Africa is explored through the application of seismic tomography. The Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe cratons, which constitute the Precambrian hearts of the continent around which southern Africa was formed, are sliced using P-wave tomography to improve our understanding of the seismological structure of...
The Dry Alluvium Geology (DAG) series of chemical explosions aim to increase our understanding of explosion-source seismic, acoustic, and electromagnetic phenomenology. The explosion series takes place on the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) in an alluvium geology. As of December 2018, two of the planned four explosions have been detonated in a common borehole on Yucca Flat: 1,000 kg...
Fiber Optic Sensors for Seismic monitoring are commonplace in the oil and gas community and are used for understanding seismic profiles in well bores and from one dimensional surface measurements. Recently they have been used in high profile academic work to monitor and measure the effect of earthquakes with the proposal being to exploit existing the infrastructure of telecommunications fiber...
This paper analyzes the characteristics of disturbing incident in the infrasound detection of nuclear explosion. After data preprocessing, such as mean removal, atmospheric disturbance removal, filtering and normalization, etc., the infrasound signal characteristics of lightning, chemical explosion and satellite launch events are analyzed through spectrum and statistical methods. Finally,...
Careful analysis of SOH data can provide critical information about the operating status of an International Monitoring System (IMS) station and the data being reported. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) with support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Nuclear Arms Control Technology (NACT) Program has been developing tools to analyze SOH data reported from noble gas...
Indonesia is an area that is very prone to earthquakes. research needs to be done in an effort to minimize the impact of earthquakes. one of them is monitoring physical parameters that occur before, during, and after an earthquake. The parameter is the concentration of radon gas which has certain radioactivity and is considered capable of representing one of the parameters of the lithosphere...
The worldwide-known seismic hazard assessment methods and approaches are regenerated according to the modern seismic requirements. Strong earthquakes cause numerous human losses and infrastructure damages. The earthquake causes a seismic threat to the sustainability of the cities, critical facilities, oil-gas pipeline, terminals, dams and others. In Azerbaijan, earthquakes occur and intensity...
Phases from regional and local earthquakes contribute significantly to velocity model errors on the accuracy of earthquake location. This, the dearth of data, poor network of seismic stations, poorly located and well-defined events, absence of a reliable velocity model etc., have hindered meaningful seismological research in parts of sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, prominent events were...
A tool called flex_extract has been developed over many years, partly on behalf of the CTBTO/PTS, to retrieve meteorological data from ECMWF’s MARS archive for driving FLEXPART or the WRF model. Its functionality includes the generation and execution of MARS requests, calculation of the vertical winds for FLEXPART, and transformation to a latitude-longitude grid. Additionally, it disaggregates...
This project is aimed at analyzing alternative ways in which previous nuclear test sites can be used economically and be beneficial in the long last. Making lemonade out lemons. This methods have to take into consideration the effects that radiation has on life. The technique used should be able to minimize human contact with these areas. The following objectives will be met; first review the...
The On-Site Inspection Division has long-operated an off-the-shelf asset management system to record and track items. While such systems have their place, the need for cross platform integration and Treaty specific considerations has led to the development of a bespoke system for managing OSI equipment and software that is fully integrated with other OSI data management systems. The system is...
As a complement to measurement of radioactivity in air, collection and measurement of radioactivity in deposition is performed within many national surveillance systems. Deposited radioactivity can give an estimate of external dose to the public and can also be used to calculate transport factors for radionuclides. The system used in Sweden consists of a collection funnel, from which the...
Since 2013, Ural Federal University has been promoting the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty and its verification regime. This has been done via educational and research programs. Over the past three years, an annual survey on CTBT has been conducted by 100 students of International Relations at Ural Federal University. The survey shows that between 30 to 40 percent of IR students know...
The beta/gamma coincidence spectra are analyzed at the International Data Centre (IDC) using the so called net count calculation (NCC) method based on a number of Region of Interest (ROI) and interference ratios between isotopes and ROIs. The gross counts in each ROI follows Poisson distribution. Therefore, the true value and variance of the gross counts are estimated as the gross counts of a...
Social media has become a very important part of our lives over the past decades, from interacting with people all over the world to selling products and even creating awareness for various campaigns. Social media campaigns have proved to be very effective methods to capture people’s attention, with the ALS ice bucket challenge being one of the most significant one, but over the past couple of...
The CTBT like any other international agreement, require public knowledge of its existence for universal acceptance and promotion of its primary goal. For the CTBT to remain relevant to the next generation, there should be consistent effort at providing adequate information on the technical, scientific, legal and political aspects of the Treaty. Mindful of this fact, the CTBTO has a number of...
On one side, the Environmental Seismic Intensity scale (ESI-2007) is a recent intensity scale designed, implemented and tested to measure the damage level of an earthquake. ESI-2007 solely focuses on the impact of a seismic event on nature. In other words, it intends to establish the level of damage from observable Environmental Earthquake Effects (EEE) that a particular earthquake can...
Science in the modern world is increasingly interdisciplinary. The CTBT: Science and Technology conference is a great example with its five sections. In order to broaden and strengthen the engagement of the scientific communities working in the monitoring ban test, including young scientists, and to enhance the geographic and gender representations of these communities, there is a strong need...
The radionuclide levels from the selected IMS stations have been studied, in order to establish the national baselines. The study has focused on specific radionuclides including nuclides from medical production and fission products from nuclear reactors or nuclear power plants, as well as existing particulate and gaseous nuclides from nuclear tests from the past. The data obtained from IDC...
The ability to confidently estimate the depths of small-to-medium sized (mb < 5) seismic disturbances is important when monitoring compliance with the CTBT. Source depths can be determined by identification of teleseismic depth phases pP and sP, and by modelling surface-wave amplitude spectra. The radiation pattern of pP and fundamental-mode Rayleigh amplitudes show the effectiveness of these...
We study large-scale wind effects on infrasound propagation to the seismic array ARCES, Norway, utilizing 30 years of data from around 600 ground truth events at the Hukkakero military blast-site in Finland, which all are well-constrained in location and origin time using seismic data. The wind component perpendicular to the infrasound propagation (cross-wind) will translate the wave a...
Determination of shear wave velocity structure is important to interpret the tectonic activities in this region. For this goal, we conducted a tomographic inversion of Rayleigh wave dispersion to obtain group velocity tomographic images for the north part of Iran. Estimated group velocity dispersion curves using frequency time analyzing of surface wave have been processed to obtain...
Introduction: Releases of radionuclides produce events and their characteristics can be estimated based on the data products collected (characterization of the source and signals), but this is a proceeding that shows huge risks and is not always possible. Objective: To ensure compliance with the Treaty, describe the scientific basis of risk estimation (RE). Methodology: The most important...
Site effects associated with local geological conditions constitute an important part of seismic hazard assessment. This work was done in frame of the projects "Seismic microzoning 12 aimag centers" that funded by Ministry of Construction and Urban development. In order to estimate site effect we used seismic weak motion, seismic noise survey and seismic array measurement data. The weak motion...
It is well known that the receiver function method can provide a very good local measurement of crustal thickness under a three components broadband station. In order to investigate crustal thickness beneath the MDT broad band seismic station located in Midelt region (Morocco), which belongs to the CTBTO International Monitoring System, we applied the H-k stacking technique proposed by Zhau...
This work describes the recent development of Egyptian-NDC approach for the source estimation of CTBT-Relevant Radionuclides (RN) by using an ensemble of Adjoint atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling (ATM). A new deterministic method is developed for simultaneous estimation of the possible source location, time of release, and source strength. This method is based on the least square...
In the process of verification whether a given detection can be caused by an event like a nuclear explosion, the knowledge about civil sources like nuclear power plants or isotope production facilities is extremely important because they contribute to the background signal. To estimate the xenon background the Atmospheric Transport Modelling (ATM) results were combined with Xe-133...
Earthquakes sequences struck north part of Lombok Island are thrusting earthquake’s type as interaction of back-arc Flores Thrust tectonic system. This earthquakes sequences is initiated by significant earthquake with magnitude M 6.4 (29 July 2018), M 6.9 (05 August 2018) and M 7.0 (19 August 2018). Using hybrid simultaneous displacement spectrum inversion for determining physic of source...
Aviation is one of the most critical modes of transport in this century. Even short disruptions of flight schedules result in major economic damages as was proven by the aftermath of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull-eruption in Iceland. Air traffic safety is another important aspect. The focus of the ongoing project EUNADICS-AV (European Natural Airborne Disaster Information and Coordination System...
There is long history in environmental education in Africa to promote food security, sustainable development and to enhance livelihoods. However donors, researchers, development agencies and practitioners in project design often do not have ready access to high quality information that IMS and IDC data can generate to know about what works, in which settings and with and for whom. Fragility...
Various countries are building National Data Centres (NDCs) to consolidate their Information and Communication Technology (ICT) activities and in the process reducing costs, improve efficiencies and security, and stimulate economic growth. The high costs associated with building resilient data centres that meet Tier III/IV standards pose a challenge in accommodating higher densities making it...
A comparative study of methods for extracting xenon from atmospheric air led to the choice of Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) technology as the basis for development of a prototype system for noble gas field sampling directly on traps during on-site inspection. The choice of sorbent to use in the system prototype was proposed to be carried out experimentally, by comparative measurements of the...
The Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) has been developing and testing NET-VISA, Bayesian automatic event detection and localization software package. In our preliminary testing at the CTBTO, NET-VISA shows better performance than its currently operating automatic association program. This implies that the priors of Bayesian inference...
The Nevada National Security Site conducts experiments aimed at increasing capabilities in explosion monitoring. The Source Physics Experiment (SPE) objectives are understanding the prompt-signal phenomenology of the explosion source, including shear wave generation, and improving numerical modeling codes. Since 2010, the SPE project has conducted eight (8) chemical explosions in both...
The Extended-NDC-in-a-Box (ENIAB) is an integrated data acquisition, processing and analysis platform for NDCs, which was developed by the IDC. ENIAB contains several software packages including SeisComP3 and Geotool. In the poster we will summarize our experience of implementation and adaptation of ENIAB at the Israel NDC. The Israel NDC has installed the ENIAB on three separate computers...
Cooperative Communication in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is emerging Communication prototype that provides enhanced capacity and improved reachability. Such cooperation can generally be achieved using Secondary Users (SUs) as intermediate relays in order to provide benefit to Primary Users (PUs) in exchange of sharing spectrum in either time domain or frequency domain. This arrangement is...
Regarding seismic activity monitoring and verification of the existence of faults in the Jakarta area, Site Survey has been conducted, signal backgronoise test (signal feasibility monitoring), permission and installation of 17 seismograph type Lennartz in DKI Jakarta, South Tangerang and Bekasi Regency. Activities start from Site Survey (location selection coordinates placement of seismograph...
Nuclear weapons represent the unparalleled risk of catastrophic destruction to human civilization. An underrated aspect of nuclear weapons is the idiosyncratic gendered nature of it which makes the prospect of a nuclear weapon detonation especially devastating to women. Women are critically underrepresented in negotiations and high level decision making positions. This imbalance has led to the...
Recently an improved wet scavenging scheme was released for FLEXPART 10.3 (April 2017). It focuses on physically-based improvements by using 3D cloud water fields which allow to better distinguish between in- and below-cloud scavenging. Even though this procedure shows much better realistic results than previous schemes, improvements with respect to numerical aspects (interpolation in time of...
The cause of seismic anisotropy is still an open question, e.g., to which degree it is due to more recent geodynamic activities in the asthenosphere, or to frozen-in deformation in the lithosphere. We show that these two endmember cases can in principle be distinguished using shear-wave splitting observations from SKS waves. This is illustrated by the simple example of pure olivine with...
Unlike the previous DPRK nuclear explosions, a rare collapse event followed the 2017 nuclear explosion after about 8 minutes and a half. As two kinds of special shallow depth seismic events with different source properties, the accurate inversion of the focal mechanisms of them is of great significance for the identification of CTBT events. In this study, the inversion of the moment tensor of...
Neutron activation products, such as Ar-37 and Ar-39, comprise an important component of the radionuclide signature from an underground nuclear explosion (UNE). While the production of activation products from a UNE can be predicted based on relevant cross-sections and geologic composition, uncertainty still remains as to what fraction of the activation products are released from the geologic...
For a modulated beam of visible, the Free-Space-Optical communication is a method for a range of application. For this paper we will focus the Free-Space-Optical communication as back up in case of non functioning of the GCI-III. Taking into account the effects of extreme weather conditions on ten years 2003 to 2012 we have determined the performance of FSO system. The determination of the...
The measurement of xenon was successfully incorporated in an on site inspection (OSI) exercise for the first time during the integrated field exercise in Jordan 2014 (IFE14). One of the systems used was the SAUNA-FIELD, designed to process and analyse radioactive xenon from sub-soil samples with the purpose of detecting nuclear explosions. During the last years FOI has, built on experience,...
In the 1990s, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) developed the Radionuclide Aerosol Sampler Analyzer (RASA) for worldwide aerosol monitoring. For the last several years, staff of PNNL and Creare have made investigations into aspects of upgrading the RASA. Key themes have been a modular approach to additional radionuclide measurements, optimizing the sampling/analyzing times to...
OVSICORI-UNA is a University Research Institute dedicated to research of volcanoes, earthquakes and other tectonic processes, in order to find useful applications that help society to mitigate the adverse effects of these events to economic and social development. The purpose of the seismic network was to obtain information on the location of the generators of volcanic tremors and characterize...
Theme 4: Preformation Optimization Theme 4 Topic: T4.1 Network Optimization Abstract: Geography information system capabilities: GeoEvent method to improve network optimization of CTBTO Operation data Bamidele Rotimi Ayoniyi, MSc. Network optimization plays an important role as information technology is growing at exponential rates especially with CBTBO Operations and computer centre producing...
In November 11, 2015 in took place a seismic event, Mw=5.1, in the Las Gonzalez sector of the Boconó fault in western Venezuela region. This event was followed for an intense seismic activity mounting up to almost one thousand of events until March 31, 2016, as was recorded by the permanent FUNVISIS seismic network in Venezuela. However, during those dates an important project, GIAME, with a...
When developing new seismic data processing methods, the verification of potential events and associated signals can present a significant problem, especially as detection thresholds are lowered to include anthropogenic signals from surface and shallow underground sources. In particular, we note that without a complete and accurate catalog, it is not possible to accurately calculate either...
For the purpose of global monitoring for nuclear explosion signatures under the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), a unique International Monitoring System (IMS) with 80 radionuclide stations is being established. The daily samples are analysed with focus on the 83 CTBT-relevant radionuclides including I-130, I-131, I-133 and I-135, being all fission products. In addition, separate...
Global radioactivity monitoring for the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) includes the four xenon isotopes 131mXe, 133Xe, 133mXe and 135Xe. These four isotopes are serving as important indicators of nuclear explosions. Various peer-reviewed publications establish the global radioxenon emission inventory by normal operational releases from certain types of...
The CTBT can make a major contribution to the achieving of the 9th of the SDG by bringing of groundbreaking technologies to developing countries. The paper reviews 5 proposals for CTBT that would pave the way for accomplishment of the 9th goal. All proposals were chosen after analysis of the CTBTO sphere of activities and review of global problems which are impeding the achievement of the 9th...
Botswana has been experiencing a rise in seismicity since 2010 which culminated in the 2017 Mw 6.5 April 3, Botswana earthquake, the second largest earthquake event in recorded history. This earthquake occurred ~350 km southeast of the Okavango Rift Zone (ORZ), in an area previously not known for large magnitude earthquakes or active faults. The occurrence of this earthquake made it clear that...
The Kathmandu Valley was strongly rocked at 11:56 local time by an Mw 7.8 earthquake on 25th of April 2015. This earthquake was followed by a large number of aftershocks including the 12th May 2015 (Mw 7.3) Dolakha Earthquake. Largest peak ground acceleration (PGA) was observed at a rock site during the M 7.8 earthquake, however velocity was smaller. On the other hand, the soil sites have...
We analyzed hemispherical atmospheric dispersion of Cs-137 released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) due to the accident in March 2011, by comparing simulations with observation data from CTBT International Monitoring Systems. We used WSPEEDI-II (Worldwide version of System for Prediction of Environmental Emergency Dose Information version II), which consists of the...
Studying attenuation field characteristics is important for analysis of geodynamical processes and for solving the problem of underground nuclear explosions and earthquakes discrimination. We have carried out mapping shear wave attenuation field in the Eastern Tien Shan lithosphere including the area of Lop Nor nuclear test site. We used recordings of seismic stations MKAR and KKAR, located at...
In early 2018, two mobile noble gas measurement systems were deployed and have started measurement at Horonobe and Mutsu in Japan. Together with a third mobile system that will be deployed at Fukuoka, Japan, in spring 2019, and the operating IMS noble gas system at station RN38, Takasaki, Japan, this creates a high-density configuration of noble gas measurement systems. The objective of this...
The Sulawesi region has complex tectonic conditions. One of the main sources of seismicity in the study area is the Palu-Koro fault activity with the application of left lateral strike-slip. On September 28, 2018, at 17.02.45 WIB (GMT + 7), an earthquake of M 7.4 occurred to cause a tsunami hazard in the areas of Palu and Donggala. BMKG sensor recorded 835 aftershocks until November 25, 2018....
The Institute of Geophysical Research of the Republic of Kazakhstan possesses a large archive of analog records of nuclear explosions. The whole IGR archive can be conditionally divided into three parts: the records of former SSC MD USSR â the archive of âBorovoyeâ Observatory (1966 â 1990) and âKurchatovâ Observatory (1973 â 1996), and the records of the CSE IPE AS USSR â the...
Abundant seismicity is recorded instrumentally for a sufficiently long period of time in the region of Deren, 180km south of Ulaanbaatar. These earthquakes have been roughly assigned to Deren fault which expresses NS trending thrust morphology. In order to define and accurately characterize active faults in the region, we used 2 different datasets from 2 distinct temporary seismic deployments....
They are numerous examples of ways in which national young academies can support the processes of test ban monitoring, including opportunities to support the work of the United Nations Commission Human Resources Science and Technology. A voluntary national work plan in short, mid-term and long term period can be performed to support the exchange of knowledge and ideas between the CTBTO and the...
NDC-JO staffs participated in many NDC capacity building activities and NDC training courses which are very useful for them in their work in NDC-JO and in JSO (Jordan Seismological Observatory). They participated and participating in: Training Course for Technical Staff of NDC’S, Training Course on NDC Capacity Building : Access and Analysis of Radionuclide IMS Data and IDC Products, Training...
The Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (CTBTO) International Monitoring System (IMS) provides a network of 120 Radionuclide detection systems, strategically positioned around the globe with the aim of detecting radionuclide emissions from nuclear explosions. Scientists at the UK National Data Centre (NDC) based at AWE Aldermaston, work to support the UK’s obligation to The Treaty by...
In order to improve event detection, location, and identification, we need to better understand the complexities governing high frequency teleseismic wavefields. However, despite rapid hardware and software developments, capturing a broad range of heterogeneities with conventional seismic wave propagation remains computationally prohibitive on the global scale. To bridge the gap between...
The main motivation of my research is to investigate how hydroacoustic data
collected from IMS technology can be curated to democratize the access to
knowledge and assessment of healthy, sustainable oceans.
My primary goal is to understand and report the progress and potential to isolate
hydroacoustic signatures that can be observed and identified as sound from
specific anthropogenic...
The Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) International Monitoring System (IMS) provides a network of 120 Radionuclide detection systems, strategically positioned around the globe with the aim of detecting radionuclide emissions from nuclear explosions. The UK CTBT laboratory (GBL15, based at the Atomic Weapons Establishment, UK) routinely monitors this network for the UK government,...
The IDC advances its methods and continuously improves its automatic system for the infrasound technology. The IDC focuses on enhancing the automatic system for the identification of valid signals and the optimization of the network detection threshold by identifying ways to refine signal characterization methodology and association criteria. An objective of this study is to reduce the number...
In densely populated areas, mass movements such as debris flows, landslides, and rock falls have been for a long period of time subjects that so many engineers, both practitioners and researchers have been focused on, trying to figure out how they can be detected and mitigated. The losses caused by these hazards are generally spectacular, often destructive and sometimes murderous. Generally,...
With the increasing population of many quarries around the BRMAR array, the data quality of the stations is polluted by the blasts. There are more than 10 operational quarries spread across the city and in the vicinity of the array. BRMAR is a circular shaped 7 elements array with a diameter of approximately 40 km located in city of Ankara. The array consists of borehole type medium period...
The monitoring of atmospheric radioxenon is a key aspect of the unambiguous identification of an underground nuclear explosion by the CTBTO. However, the detection capability of the CTBTO’s noble gas network is impacted by the presence of a radioxenon background produced by nuclear civil activities. Radiopharmaceuticals production facilities have been identified in the past as significant...
As the development of thorium-based nuclear fuels for long-term sustainability of electricity generation have reached a step to closer commercial approval in some countries, the future impacts to the CTBTO’s radionuclide monitoring regime need to be paid into attention. Its potential sources of radioxenon and other fission products are a real challenge and need to be considered. We have made...
It has been widely known that climate factors such as ambient temperature potentially influence transportations of particles and gases in surface air and soil. This impact is even larger under circumstances of extreme climate in the tropical zone. IMS Radionuclide and Noble gas Monitoring Station is operated by sampling air particulates and gases at surface air level. This could be affected by...
Fisher statistics-based signal detection is a widely used powerful multi-sensor infrasound spectrum sensing strategy. However, this method requires the repeated computation of test statistics for each element of a grid of slowness vectors, which imposes a high computational complexity and leads directly to a raised processing time. Since conventional systems often have very stringent speed...
There are currently 25 of 40 radionuclide stations with noble gas capabilities which are certified for operations in the IMS network. To gain confidence in results reported from these stations an annual QA/QC programme has been developed ensuring the quality of the radioxenon sampling, gas processing and measurement processes. Reference gas samples spiked with radioxenon isotopes are sent to...
Myanmar signed CTBTO Agreement in 1996 and rectified in 2016. As a CTBTO rectifying state, Myanmar is needed to implement the capability development and public awareness concerning with CTBT verification regime. When implementing CTBT verification regime, Myanmar considered the linkage between CTBT and sustainable development goals (SDGs). National Data Centre (NDC) is needed to build in the...
Kazakhstan has been actively supporting the activity of Preparatory Commission (PC) for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (hereinafter – the Treaty) in virtually all fields of creating and improving main elements of the verification regime. The Treaty has been signed by Kazakhstan in 1996 and ratified by the Parliament in 2001. In 2007 an Agreement has been ratified with PC of the...
Sorry. I can not provide the abstract at the moment since I need approval by the organization
The aim of this research project is to study the relationship between seismicity and fluid circulation in a geothermal system at the exploration stage. Studies carried out on this relationship mainly are done when the injection of fluids back to the system has begun mainly in Kenya. This study will be carried out at the Paka Geothermal prospect which is located in the Rift Valley North of Lake...
The Source Physics Experiment (SPE) is a series of instrumented chemical explosions at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) designed to improve understanding of seismic wave generation and propagation from explosions. In April 2016 a temporary deployment of 996 geophones was installed at distances of 400 to 3000 m from a buried (76.5 m) 5000 kg TNT equivalent chemical explosion. The...
Fluid flow represents one of the most significant process variables in an aerosol sampling system. The use of mass flow meters provides improved system control, easy maintenance, and reduced environmental influence. To ensure that flowmeters provide accurate data after initial certification and upon equipment replacement, a rigorous testing and validation process is critical. The system must...
The INGAS detection system for measurement of radioxenon isotopes has been developed. In this system, gamma-rays and beta particles are detected by a well-type NaI(Tl) crystals and plastic scintillator, respectively. The beta detector is a hollow cylindrical plastic scintillator that contains gaseous radioactive source. This geometry can affect the energy resolution of the beta detector. The...
Seismic arrays traditionally are made of vertical sensors co-located with a single three-component (3C) seismometer. The deployment of fully 3C seismic array offers the possibility to use the coherency of the horizontal components in addition to the vertical ones. Indeed, the horizontal component traces give the opportunity to improve the detection and the characterization of the S-phases that...
CTBTO Standard Station Interface (SSI) is a set of executable programs and application programming interfaces for acquisition, authentication, archiving, and telemetry of seismic, infrasound, and hydroacoustic data acquired by the stations of the IMS nuclear monitoring network. The State of Health(SoH) module of the SSI is the interface which allows station operators to monitor and control...
Bayesian methodologies have been developed for network level analysis of infrasonic signals including association, localization, and characterization. In the case of localization and characterization, the underlying propagation models utilized in computing the source parameters can be simplistic and generalized or include propagation-based, stochastic models unique to a given spatial and...
Established in 2018, the Central and Eastern European Infrasound Network (CEEIN) consists of six national microbarograph stations in Hungary, Romania, Austria, and Czechia. This joint experiment aims to contribute both to advanced understanding of infrasound sources in Central-Europe and to the ARISE design study project, as an enhancement of the European infrasound network. Several events of...
Hydrophone triplet data recorded by the Wake Island IMS hydroacoustic station HA11 was examined with the intent to determine the directivity and number of event arrivals from undersea eruptions originating from the Japanese volcanic island of Ioto (formerly named Iwojima). Ioto is located 2700 km northwest of HA11 and is categorized as an active above-surface volcano. In-situ measurements of...
The Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ARN) of Argentina has three stations of the International Monitoring System (IMS) already established and certified. Two new IMS stations: RN02 for radionuclide monitoring in Salta and IS01 for infrasound monitoring in Rio Negro will be built during the period 2019/2020 to complete the Argentine Network under ARN responsibility. An update of the existing IMS...
As an aspirational youth of 21st century, I am guided by the visions of Mahatma Gandhi to create a world, which is free from want and free from fear, a world shaped by the ideas free of violence. Hence, after working for nearly a decade as a senior software engineer, I quit my job to pursue this vision and devoted myself to the cause envisaged by Gandhi Ji. I am currently co-founder and...
Many african countries are holding IMS stations and National Data Center (NDC) to fulfill their responsibilities on behalf of the CTBTO and the treaty. So facilities operating has usually placed under the personsibility of station operators, NDC authorized staff or other institutional focal points. In many cases, the facilities are located in fare areas where visits for maintenance or...
50 years after first use of nuclear bombs, and testing of nuclear explosions in open atmosphere, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT, Treaty) was opened for signature on 24 September 1996, and absolutely unique international norm on nuclear testing was established. The Treaty bans nuclear explosions by everyone, everywhere: on the Earth's surface, in the atmosphere, underwater and...
Infrasound researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have been actively developing and evaluating signal analysis tools for detecting, associating, localizing, and characterizing infrasonic signals and sources. The algorithms developed during these efforts have been combined into a suite of Python libraries and recently made available as an Open Source software toolkit. The detection...
The NDC-Paraguay implements a monthly bulletin of the events detections picked by station IS41. The project of elaborating bulletins began after the update of the Infrasound station IS41 in July of 2018. The bulletin is realized based on the raw data analysis using the software GPMCC on the virtual machine, with data received in real time on the CBS (Capacity Building System). A statistical...
Argentina is a Member State of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) and as such has stations that form part of the International Monitoring System (IMS) network, part of which consists of Infrasound Stations. As part of corrective maintenance measures, two agents/operators from the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ARN) performed tests on the noise reduction system on one...
While stochastic parameterizations in Global Climate Models (GCMs) are promising for improving longstanding climate predictions, there is no consensus regarding the values of tunable parameters. Further, in infrasound studies randomness is often described as a disturbance superimposed onto given atmospheric specifications, without feedback effect on climate/weather. This work shows how...
Since 1994, a contemporary digital network of seismic and infrasound stations of the IGR NNC RK located throughout the perimeter of the Republic territory has been operating successfully in Kazakhstan. At the present time, KNDC receives in real time mode and processes data from 4 infrasound arrays: Aktyubinsk IS31, Kurchatov KURIS, Makanchi MKIAR, and Russian station Zalesovo IS46. Since May...
Infrasound propagation in realistic environments is highly dependent on the information to specify the waveguide parameters. For real-world applications, there is considerable uncertainty regarding this information, and it is more realistic to consider the wind and temperature profiles as random functions, with associated probability distribution functions reflecting phenomena that are...
A bright fireball was reported at 12:07:05 UTC on October 4, 2017 at a height of ～37 km above 28.1N, 99.4E near Shangri-La, the western of Yunnnan of China. It had a TNT yield equivalent of 0.54 kilotons (kt). Infrasonic signals were observed by I16 infrasound array that is part of the International Monitoring System (IMS) and Tengchong infrasound array located in the western of Yunnnan of...
This study focuses on the assessment of infrasound signals from North Korean underground nuclear explosion at 03:30:01 UTC and the subsequent collapse event at 03:38:31 UTC on September 3, 2017. We use infrasound observations from ten infrasound arrays in and nearby to the Korean peninsula. The explosion generated local, diffracted, and epicentral infrasound, while only epicentral infrasound...
Every year during December and January high pressure has been covered the capital of Thailand and provinces in central part and result to air ventilation is limited in vertical transportation. Air pollution occurring in Bangkok has been horizontal flown to neighbor provinces including Nakhon Pathom where RN65 located. Very high density of PM2.5 dust has been continued reported by the Pollution...
Within ongoing software modernization efforts, the International Data Centre (IDC) of the CTBTO Preparatory Commission initiated the development of a novel software application for the interactive analysis of radionuclide data. The new iNtegrated Software Platform for the Interactive REview (dubbed iNSPIRE) is based on modern open source software development technologies. The overall goal is...
The National Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Response Plan (NNREP) describes the capabilities, responsibilities and authorities of government and international agencies. It also provides a conceptual basis for integrating the activities of these agencies to protect public health and safety.The CTBTO International Monitoring System verification technologies, together with the data,...
The recent destructive earthquakes and associated tsunamis in Indonesia, Japan and Haiti, which killed more than half a million people, remind the world that we must be more proactive in developing ways to mitigate tsunamis impact on our global society. The area around the Marmara Sea, as one of the most intensely populated parts of Europe, is subject to a high level of seismic hazard.The...
Usage of data from seismic stations of the unique network of the CTBTO can be very useful for seismologists to derive realistic information about the earth’s core and layers. Especially contribution of the stations at teleseismic distances (>1000 km) is significant for each country. As a result of such studies, realistic urban transformations and immediate emergency responses can be obtained....
In the last 500 years, more than 75 tsunamis have been documented in the Caribbean and the adjacent regions. Since 1842, 3446 deaths associated with tsunami waves have been reported. Since the mid-1990s, UNESCO’s Intergonvernmental Oceanographic Comission has focused on the development of a tsunami warning system for the Caribbean (von Hillebrand-Andrade, 2013), enabling many countries in the...
The tectonics of Central Asia is dominated by the spectacular collision between India and Asia. For the Central Asia region the largest excitatory center of seismic activity are deep-focus (90-300 km) Pamir-Hindu Kush earthquakes. The spatial placement of focuses in the area with width 100-150 km and length 700 km, high level of seismicity and repeatability of events and compact localization...
Thanks to CTBTO we have a complete platform where we can record many of the activities carried out by local operators, station operators or station managers every day. However, there are many other internal aspects involving only managers that we need to automate for all that involve administration of CTBT in each country regarding; management of contracts, land lease, finance, invoicing,...
The Regional Seismic Travel Time (RSTT) model reduces travel time prediction errors for phases (Pn, Pg, Sn, and Lg), which are commonly used for seismic event location. Reduction of travel time prediction errors leads directly to reduction of event location errors, which is critical to CTBT verification. The CTBTO-PTS has incorporated RSTT into 8 international training activities since 2012....
Substantial effort has gone into research on the evolution of underground nuclear explosion (UNE) signatures within the subsurface and above ground environments as a result of natural, relatively slow transport mechanisms. Dynamics of signature evolution in the subsurface just after UNE detonation (e.g. fractionation of volatile noble gas precursors) have been increasingly demonstrated to have...
Inverse atmospheric transport modelling allows to locate the origin of airborne radionuclides. Worldwide, the International Monitoring System (IMS) monitors for the presence of specific airborne radionuclides in order to verify compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Certain radioactive noble gases such as Xe-133 are attractive tracers as they are more likely to be detected...
This study aims to investigate site conditions based on the dominant period and elliptical curve inversion of Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR). The data used as many as 20 sites, was taken using a seismometer portable short period in the span of a minimum of 50 minutes of data recording in the Sleman, Yogyakarta. The Nakamura method (Nakamura Y., 1989) as known as...
Several radioxenon isotopes (Xe-131m, Xe-133, Xe-133m, Xe-135) are characteristic byproducts of nuclear explosions, and the presence of these isotopes in specific ratios in the atmosphere acts as a clear tracer which allows the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) to verify the nuclear nature of a clandestine explosion. These isotopes can be discriminated from background...
37Ar is an indicator of an underground nuclear explosion in on-site inspection. This radioisotope is produced via 40Ca (n, α) 37Ar reaction through neutron activation of 40Ca included in the rocks near to the nuclear explosion location. The relatively long half-life of 35 days compared to short-lived CTBT-relevant radioxenon isotopes results into 37Ar activity becoming stronger than radioxenon...
The noble gas component of the IMS has considerably grown and improved since the certification of the first noble gas system. Since then, additional noble gas systems were certified in the IMS and are continuously sampling and measuring radioxenon in the atmosphere. During the operation of these systems, a worldwide radioxenon background originating from civilian facilities has been observed,...
Understanding the spatiotemporal variability of basin hydrological response in the context of a changing environment plays a crucial role in meeting future challenges towards a sustainable environment. This study aims at investigating the temporal dynamic of basic water cycle components and disentangling the relative importance of land use/land cover change and climate variability on the...
In early November 2018, earthquake swarm took place in Mamasa Region, West Sulawesi and resulted on some light damages in the villages. BMKG reported more than 600 events within the first month and four of them having magnitude Mw > 5.0. Here the seismicity was precisely relocated by using double difference with cross-correlation data. Template matching technique was also utilized to provide...
Both radioargon isotopes 37Ar and 39Ar could be useful signatures for an underground nuclear explosion (UNE). Therefore, an On-Site Inspection team will sample and analyse soil gas to verify compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty once it has entered into force. This report studies the potential interferences of a civilian facility on both radioargon isotopes by calculating...
Spreading the knowledge acquired for more than 100 years in seismic and hazard monitoring to society was not an easy task to fulfill because we are a nonprofit institution with small budget compared with another non-governmental institution that works with other hazards. Despite the financial issue, we decided to start the Knowledge Spreading using low cost methods and the most important part...
The joint interpretation of seismic and infrasound (SI) signals from seismic-acoustic events is a challenge for automatic processing. We have conducted a detailed study of SI signals from quarry blasts in Sweden and the DPRK. Waveform cross-correlation (WCC), applied to seismic and infrasound wave-fields generated by mining blasts, demonstrates high similarity between signals, notwithstanding...
Real time monitoring systems around seismogenic zone are very important for early detection of earthquake and seismic hazard and seismic risk assessments. Furthermore, these system are also indispensable to understand crustal activities and phenomena as precursor. In Jordan, Dead Sea Transform system is responsible for earthquake activities in the region. Two seismic networks were installed in...
While the global community continues much efforts to reduce the threat of nuclear weapons, nuclear proliferation remains one of the top international security concerns. Given various challenges in nuclear nonproliferation, KAIST started a new human capital development program in 2014 called, NEREC (Nuclear Nonproliferation Education and Research Center) Summer Fellows Program in collaboration...
This poster will describe key factors that led to improved Data Availability at IMS stations. Work was implemented to move away from corrective Maintenance to preventative Maintenance. Our focus was to improving station infrastructure; power, grounding, lightning protection and climate control. We strengthened Station Operator technical training's by targeting stations in need, improving...
A combined GPS velocity solution covering a wide area from Egypt to Middle East allowed us to infer the current rates across the main tectonic features. We have estimated 126 velocities from time series of 90 permanent and 36 non-permanent GPS sites located in Africa (Egypt), Eurasia and Arabia plates in the time span 1996–2015. We combined our velocity solution in a least-squares sense with...
Infrasound is one of three waveform technologies used by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty verification regime. Events detected by infrasound stations of the International Monitoring System (IMS) are included in the International Data Centre (IDC) bulletins. According to the IDC analysis rules, events are considered large if they are detected by at least six primary stations. There are...
The International Monitoring System (IMS) comprises four technologies: seismological, radionuclide, hydroacoustic, and infrasound. An important limitation of these technologies is due to the fact that the structure of the propagation medium is partially known. This is especially true for infrasound and indeed, a current trend is to take into account the impact of random atmospheric small-scale...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has developed at a rapid pace in recent years and has found widespread usage in many applications and services that we use in our daily lives. One emergent domain in Artificial Intelligence is generative modeling i.e. the process of learning statistical abstractions of observed phenomena. These abstractions are powerful not only in allowing AI systems to generate...
The CTBT's verification provisions--especially the IMS--are unparalleled in arms control agreements. Yet, verification concerns were key in the 1999 US Senate rejection of the CTBT and, more generally, the role of effective verification has not been not been sufficiently acknowledged recently. The TPNW for example reduces verification to CSAs--thus taking a step back from the more rigorous...
Subsurface heterogeneities with scale lengths on the order of the seismic wavelength scatter the seismic wavefield, transferring energy from the main arrival to the coda and generating traveltime and amplitude fluctuations. Understanding the effect of these heterogeneities on the wavefield is important for the characterization of natural and man-made seismic sources and to improve our...
In 2015 - 2016 there was an attack of Seismic swarms in Jailolo region, West Halmahera, Indonesia. GFZ Germany collaborated joint research with BMKG Indonesia after those disasters to install a temporary seismic network, called 7G network during August 2016 – July 2017. Then, we determined the local magnitude formula for this network. We used 3387 amplitude records from 150 earthquakes event...
The CTBT IMS hydrophone stations HA10 (Ascension Island in the Atlantic Ocean) and HA04 (Crozet Islands in the southern Indian Ocean) detected an unusual impulse-like event on 15th November 2017, which originated from the vicinity of the last known position of the Argentine submarine ARA San Juan. The location accuracy was confirmed by a depth charge deployed by the Argentine Navy two weeks...
Tokyo VAAC(Volcanic Ash Advisory Center) issued more than 10,000 advisory reports describing volcanic activities in Japan over the past ten years(2009-2018). Around 98.5% of advisory is related to the volcanic eruption/explosion of five volcanoes of Kyushu area, Asosan, Kirishimayama, Sakurajima, Kuchinoerabujima and Suwanosejima. Infrasound signals produced by these volcanoes are well...
Energetic volcanic eruptions emit exceptional infrasonic signals (frequency below 20 Hz) to the atmosphere, because eruptions have a punctuated duration and its signals can travel up to thousands of kilometers due to their low frequency nature and atmospheric ducting effects. Because of this, IMS stations can be used to locate and characterize the surface activity of volcanoes. Unfortunately,...
Transmitting live data from a seismic station has a cost. The Observatorio San Calixto (OSC) based in La Paz, Bolivia, developed a low cost (<50US$) solution for 3G live data transmission system, based on a Raspberry Pi, and a 3G dongle. A homemade State of Health (SoH) daughter board connected on top of the Raspberry Pi was designed to connect intrusion, battery voltage and temperature...
Underground nuclear explosions lead to the formation of cavities partly filled with magma contributed by the surrounding volatilized rocks during cooling. The distribution of magma inside a given cavity depends on its viscosity, on the relative density of the rocks incorporated from the rubble zone and on the thermal evolution of the cavity. Bubbles and foam can form, creating pumice-like...
The HPGe detector at FJP26 had vacuum and noise problems with lead to performance below operational requirements and unsustainable operation. An urgent trip to the station was conducted by PTS staff to restore detector vacuum and performance was restored. Other issues at the station were also solved, authentication was enabled and the station operator was trained on equipment and configuration...
After 15 years of operation, IMS infrasound station IS41 Villa Florida, Paraguay, had to face several technical issues due to equipment aging and infrastructure deterioration. In order to mitigate those problems major upgrade of the station took place in June 2018. At each remote element the power supply and lightning protection systems were improved. The wind-noise reducing system has been...
Activity concentrations of CTBT relevant radioxenon isotopes are determined by using liner equations of the net count calculation (NCC) method based on a number of Region of Interest (ROI) and interference ratios between isotopes and ROIs for noble gas samples from IMS beta/gamma coincidence systems. Regarding the coincidence counts in X-rays region, different analysis algorithms were...
The most important indicators for a UNE during an OSI are the radioactive xenon isotopes Xe-131m, Xe-133 and Xe-133m and the radioactive argon isotope Ar-37. In the assessment of a detection of these nuclides it is important to have knowledge about the levels that can be expected due to the natural background. Therefore, it is interesting to measure the background levels of radioxenon and...
Following classical theory in elasticity, the entire seismic wave-field caused by an infinitesimal deformation has three components of translation – standardly used in seismology – but also six components of strain and at least three components of rotation. Since decades the collocated measurement of translational and rotational ground motion is demanded. So far, it was hampered mainly due to...
The RA-10 Multipurpose Argentine Nuclear Reactor Project is located at the Ezeiza Atomic Center, near Buenos Aires city. The construction license for this facility has been granted by ARN in 2014 and the building has started in 2016. This modern reactor is conceived as a multipurpose facility suitable for radioisotopes production, materials and fuel irradiation and neutron techniques...
The goal of this study is to outline the advantages, applicability and performance of Mel Cepstrum (MC) techniques for seismic and infrasound event identification. MC has been traditionally used for speech recognition at Mel Frequencies (MF), which are equally spaced frequencies on a logarithmic scale. In this study, MC coefficients are used for feature extraction on seismic and infrasound...
A total of 324 microgravity measuring points were carried out on Derbendikhan rockfill Dam, 230km NE Baghdad, to evaluate the possible effects resulted in 7.3 magnitude earthquake hit the Iraqi-Iranian borders, 40km from the site, on Nov. 12, 2017. The site lies within the high folded zone which is a part of the Western Zagros Fold – Thrust Belt. A gravimeter Model CG-5 was used in this...
Modeling of radionuclide transport is concerned as a key issue of the evaluation of environmental and people safety in connection with eventual release of radionuclides into the geosphere. The classical assessment of the transport is based on convection-diffusion equation (CDE), which terms describe mathematically the infiltration and solute transport into the soils. In the most cases...
Iraq lies in an area prone to intense earthquake activity. Global networks recorded nearly one hundred Mw > 5.0 earthquakes in nearby regions since 2000. The Iraq Seismic Network was established in the late 1970s and became operational in the early 1980s. However, recording and reporting of seismic data has been intermittent, leading to a large gap in regional seismic data collection. Seismic...
Potential of earthquake hazard in the south of Sumba Island (Indonesia) is poorly investigated. Tectonics of this region is proposed into two debatable models i.e. related to the subduction zone or due to collisional tectonics. During the year of 2015-2018, we find that the earthquakes in this region were sensitive to small stress perturbation dynamically imparted by large distant earthquakes....
Humankind since its inception has tried to reduce the risks of natural or anthropogenic disasters. Remote sensors, mathematical models, numerical simulations, automatic stations are among the mechanisms used to monitor and infer the study parameters (Poon and Kinoshita, 2018). However, anomalous events such as accidents or nuclear tests in a climate change scenario present serious predictive...
"Monitoring Compliance with the CTBT – Contributions by the German NDC" is the title of a book on various CTBT related topics by authors from the German National Data Centre (Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources in Hannover, BGR) and national partner institutes. Studies on institutional, technical and scientific aspects in the CTBT context are described to highlight recent,...
Recently, there are many disasters related earthquakes and tsunamis in the world, for example, the 2011 off Tohoku and 2018 Palu Indonesia. These sources are located in the sea, therefore it is important to utilize data of seafloor observations for disaster resilience. We have considered how to use real-time data by oceanfloor network systems like the Dense Oceanfloor Network system for...
The IMS radionuclide particulate station at Santa Cruz- Galapagos, is located in an area where various oceanographic and atmospheric processes converge. An assessment of the radionuclide activity concentrations in relation to atmospheric and ocean-atmosphere interaction processes serves as reference for temporal analysis of atmospheric processes in the Equatorial East Pacific. With this...
Geophysical Survey of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan has modern seismic stations for seismic control and also for control of nuclear explosions. The database available in: http://service.iris.edu/ http://service.iris.edu /fdsnws/station/docs/1/builder/. The seismic stations of Tajikistan registered the sixth nuclear test of North Korea on September 3, 2007 at 03:38:09...
Accuracy of the hypocentral location of Aswan seismicity is not well fixed and supports upgrading the local Aswan Seismic Network (LASN), which is now composed of 23 filed stations distributed in relatively narrow area (80 X 80 km2) south of Aswan High Dam. Its data are digitally-recorded waveform of seismic events.This study aims to improve the hypocentral location accuracy based on waveform...
Strong earthquakes cause numerous human losses and infrastructure damages. The earthquake occurrences jeopardize cities, villages, state critical facilities, constructions (oil-gas pipeline, terminals, water reservoirs and others). The studied area is situated in the complex zone from the viewpoint of geodynamics and tectonics, included in the Alpine folded system. The seismic activity in the...
Artificial Neural Networks ANNs, inspired by the biological neurons in the human brain, are recently showed great results on a variety of classification problems. The main advantage of ANNs is their ability to learn easily and directly complex non-linear mappings from data without requiring mathematical models of the problem. However, the main difficult task in using ANNs is to determine an...
The objective of NPE 2017 was to enhance the use of real IMS data an IDC products and services in the everyday-work of NDCs. Starting point of three proposed independent NPE 2017 tasks are selected real radionuclide detections. The tasks of NPE 2017 do not necessarily require the identification of the real source of radionuclide background emissions which were generating the detections. The...
The overarching objective of the Capacity Building and Training (CBT) programme is to support the participation of the States Parties in the CTBTO verification regime, by providing the necessary tools, training and equipment for the NDCs. This is envisaged by, inter-alia, assisting the States Parties in developing the technical capabilities in receiving, processing and analysing International...
Technical advances in computer vision, FreeBSD and JOPENS system have produced a considerable improvement in Augmented Reality, However local tremors were not been able to monitor, JOPENS software is a seismic network data processing system which based on network platform. We extend the functionality of AR JOPENS by integrating seismic stations to record vibration data. Seismic stations...
This work focuses on detections of Nb-95 and Zr-95 from particles stations of International Monitoring Stations IMS. These two isotopes are part of relevant radionuclides of CTBT and are sometimes detected. The mapping of this background and the analysis of their time series level is a helpful tool that can be used to characterize the activity background of both parent-daughter radionuclides...
Before Establishment of NDC in any country we need to know : What is an NDC, Need for an NDC, Tasks of and Functions of an NDC, NDC Capacity Building, and Data Access – Secure Signatory Account and to answering NDC Frequently Asked Questions. NDC is an organization with technical expertise in the monitoring and verification technologies of the CTBT, working under the guidance of, or as an...
The capabilities of National Data Centers (NDC) vary greatly based upon national resources and infrastructure but the capacity-building vision is to have all NDCs capable of obtaining IDC data and performing calculations and analysis to come to the same result regardless of their infrastructure. Cloud computing resources may provide a path for performing these analyses using a scalable...
The buried chemical explosion tests of the Source Physics Experiment (SPE) includes a near-source three-axis borehole accelerometer array. Data analysis combined with numerical modeling promotes a better understanding of ground shock phenomenology with particular emphasis on anomalous shear motion. SPE includes Phase I tests in a jointed medium (granite) and Phase II tests in a relatively...
In order to improve network reliability and data quality, the GSN has begun deploying newly available VBB borehole seismometers to replace the aging KS54000 and some poorly performing STS-1 sensors over the last two years. Considerable effort has also been made to address problems with deteriorating infrastructure that suppressed data return and increased background noise. This includes...
Accurate knowledge of gamma radiation fields generated either by strategic materials, orphan sources, environmental natural radiation (NORMS), decommissioning activities, as well as monitoring of radiation leakages, is essential for national regulatory agencies, border safety controls and custom administrations. Currently existing gamma cameras are not yet fully useful to meet the necessary...
The IGR during the past twenty years has been conducting a work on digitizing of nuclear explosions records and scanning of seismograms recorded on photo- and ordinary paper and stored at archives of different related Organizations. This work in different years was conducted under some projects financed by: ISTC (1998 – 2000), LDEO (2013-2014), NORSAR (2012), CMR (2000-2002), and under the...
LLNL developed a low-power and long-lifetime solution to improve reliability of high-purity germanium-based (HPGe) gamma-ray detectors in International Monitoring System (IMS) particulate radionuclide stations. HPGe is a semiconductor that must be operated under high vacuum at cryogenic temperatures (77 - 100 K) for energy-resolution analysis of gamma-rays emitted by radionuclides. The...
With the strong mandate to sustain high annual data availability throughout the network in face of harsh environmental, logistical, and meteorological challenges, it becomes imperative to design power systems with increased resiliency, added redundancy and trusted components, which passed the test of time. The design and deployment of the next-generation IMS power systems thus creates a window...
The nuclear industry is a global enterprise that grows and achieves quality in a global environment. There is need to be effective and efficient in their operational and strategic process. Findings have shown that many organizations will achieve great purpose when they can share knowledge through education, training and creating awareness activities. One of the visions of the Nigerian Nuclear...
In an effort to better understand the processes that impact noble gas transport in the subsurface, the Underground Nuclear Explosion Signatures Experiment (UNESE) conducted multiple field campaigns in which tracers such as Xe-127, Ar-37 and chemical surrogates were released underground and monitored as they migrated toward the surface. A significant result was that the tracers reached sampling...
The political instability in the Black Sea region, the lack of territory control and the serious violation of international treaties and agreements, underline the need for active participation of all international actors in the non-proliferation of AMD. An invaluable role is the continuous education with the objective to make non-proliferation treaties universal. A curriculum for the Nuclear...
In 1946 U.S. government invited Soviet scientists to nuclear test on the Bikini atoll. USSR sent nuclear physicist academician Skobelitsyn and director of Dalstroi Gold and Rare Metals Institute Aleksandrov, engineer colonel of NKVD. The institute focused on uranium deposits search and uranium ore mining and concentrating technologies development. Skobelitsyn’s and Aleksandrov’s trip report...
The CTBT Science Diplomacy Generation is a diversified capacity building project of MEPhI aiming to train and nurture the next Generation of Science Diplomacy experts who will address daunting problems facing the Treaty.
The project CTBTxSDG comprises regional outreach and education activities including a comprehensive training course in English with the engagement of CTBTO online...
Large-scale seismological networks record diverse and complex signals resulting from interactions among Earth’s subsystems. The signals vary in strength and may be unintentionally observed. For example, acoustic energy from sources such as bolides or volcanoes can propagate in the atmosphere then couple into seismic energy that is recorded by seismometers. Processes in the hydrosphere...
In recent years, the Southern African Region has faced an increase in the frequency and magnitude of natural hazards such as floods and earthquakes. This marked increase in seismicity is believed to be partly associated with the propagation southwards of the East African Rift System (EARS). The heavy rainfall triggered by extreme weather events caused by climate change affecting Southern...
Infrasound waves are emitted by various geophysical sources such as volcanoes, northern lights and ocean swell. In many situations, the middle-atmosphere can behave as a waveguide and infrasound can propagate up to thousands of kilometers. In such cases, infrasound signals can be recorded by stations of the International Monitoring System (IMS). Reliable simulation-based predictions of...
As the concept of science diplomacy has evolved and is becoming consolidated in the wider epistemic community, a taxonomy of this concept has been developed. This taxonomy for science diplomacy consists of three dimensions: 1. diplomacy for science; 2. science in diplomacy; and 3. science for diplomacy. This concept has also more recently come into the purview and parlance of the political and...
Oceans, rivers and streams according to the United Nations serve as the world’s largest source of protein, with more than 3 billion people depending on them as their primary source of protein. Close to half (45 per cent) of deaths in children under five each year causes associated with malnutrition. Hydroacoustic methods which are non-invasive provide data which can be applied in various ways...
Since 2016 BMKG has been monitoring earthquake precursors in Sumatra. Observation of these precursors used geomagnetic data that we installed along the Sumatra fault and Megathrust Sumatra in stages, in 2012 install 3 stations namely Gunung Sitoli (GSI), Nias; Sicincin (SCN), Padang; and Liwa (LWA), Lampung. Then in 2017 and 2018 the BMKG installs in Meuloboh (MLB), Aceh; Sabang (SBG), Aceh;...
We have developed an algorithm for CTBT verification methods synergy that ensure an optimal Neumann-Pearson operating characteristic of nuclear explosion detection based on a set of standard discriminants used in addressing IMS and OSI tasks. The algorithm is based on the structuring of observation space on the basis of likelihood ratio (ratio of probabilities to get this set of discriminant...
Mapping of radionuclide contamination in a large area to search for radionuclides of interest for an OSI may be undertaken by several methods, the mapping for covering area of about 1000 km2 will need several days of helicopter operation and longer days for ground operations. The use of drone (unmanned aerial vehicle)-mounted gamma monitoring system may give some advantages of saving a lot of...
The Slovak National Network of Seismic Stations (NNSS) has been considerably modernized and enhanced during the years 2001 - 2004. At the present, the NNSS represents the principal and the most important infrastructure designated for monitoring of seismic activity on our territory. The primary function of the NNSS is to monitor and localize earthquakes with macroseismic effects on the...
TIMEtool is a smart application system allowing to evaluate the nuclear event zero time using radioxenon isotopic activity ratios. The nuclear events of interest are nuclear explosion under in-growth condition, nuclear power plant and medical isotope production facility. TIMEtool allow also setting the time of fractionation when nuclear explosion is considered. The plots generate by this...
Detailed tomographic images of the crust under the Central Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan, are determined by using P and S wave arrivals data from local earthquakes and applying tomography method. The Tien Shan is one of the tectonically and seismically active intracontinental mountain ranges in the world sandwiched between stable areas, Kazakh Shield to the north and Tarim Basin to the south. The...
General Dynamics Mission Systems (GDMS) employs a single server to process and analyze a variety of incoming data files. The server’s ability to process these files in a timely and accurate manner is of critical importance. However, the server has been overwhelmed at times with the sheer number of files it receives, resulting in delays and skipped processing of files. It has also been plagued...
- learn about techniques used in the verification regime of CTBT – exploit IDC data for verification purpose and for scientific research and civil application – improve the knowledge and experience on the techniques so that can give the government the advice on the technical issues when necessary- - Enhance the knowledge on CTBT and technical issues by exploiting E-learning, CTBTO forum on...
In some cases, after conducting a nuclear test can be carried out the necessary measures to eliminate surface contamination due to which radionuclides will be buried under the bulk of anthropogenic soil. In this situation, the traditional methods used to obtain evidence of the fact of nuclear testing would be inadequate. Additionally, due to the natural migration of radionuclides with...
Senegal like Sahel countries, has experienced a very long and persistent drought from 70s to 90s impacting dramatically society and economy. Since 2000s, annual rainfall amount is being recovered with an increase of extreme events and floods mainly in most populated urban areas and suburbs like Dakar. In addition, the existing infrastructure for weather and environmental observation and the...
According to the Protocol stipulated techniques for inspection activities provide multispectral including infrared (MSIR) imaging during an additional overflight (AO) to search for anomalies or artifacts as features of potential underground nuclear explosion (UNE). Modern MSIR systems may be used for OSI purposes with application of multispectral and infrared sensors. Since the Protocol has no...
The loss of power to station equipment is one of the major causes of station downtime, but it is a difficult issue to troubleshoot without data. To address this issue, General Dynamics Mission Systems investigated the use of commercially available products to monitor power quality and generator state-of-health. Two monitoring devices were procured, installed, and tested. The first is a...
The Himalayan region, the zone of collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates is most earthquakes prone. Based on the observed positive correlation between the inter-event times and the magnitude of the preceding mainshocks, the time- and magnitude- predictable model is found to be applicable in study region. The earthquakes with magnitude Ms ≥5.5 since 1906 to 2008 occurred in 19 delineated...
The crucial loss amplitude of seismic waves is attributed to the anelasticity that known as the intrinsic attenuation in comparing to scattering, geometrical spreading and the other amplitude effects. The tectonic driven forces cause accumulation stress in time along the fault region which followed by changes in the elasticity properties of the media until reaching the failure point and the...
Southeast Aceh is one of the most seismically region, because the existence of the subduction zone and Great Sumateran Fault. Some historical devastating earthquake with magnitude range 5 – 7 occurred in 1965, 1980, 1997, 2008 and 2010, and could make intencity 4 – 7 MMI. To know the seismic activity, we have been deploy 7 seismometers, 3 short periods and 4 broadbands, with adding some...
Earthquakes frequently occur along the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL), with magnitude raging between 2 and 6. These events are from tectonics and volcanic origins. An experiment called Cameroon Broadband Seismic Experiment (CBSE) was conducted in the country between 2005 and 2007. These data collected was used in this work to computed the seismic hazard and therefore highlight the most risky...
In building case, mostly scientists assume that maximum amplitude and longest duration of strong motion are on highest structure. However, this study does not work like that. This study used three waveform of events were recorded on accelerrographs array on a 12-storey building in Jakarta. Those are M6.5 Kebumen, M5.6 Pandeglang, and M4.7 Lebak earthquakes. It shows effective duration of M6.5...
Stress field inversion is performed in NW Himalaya and surrounding regions on the basis of 584 earthquake focal mechanisms listed in the data bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) for the area between latitudes 25o-40o N and longitudes 65o-85o E. Earthquakes in the period of July 1974 to March 2018, with focal depths 10-248 km and magnitude range (Mw 4.7–7.9) have been...
Better characterization of meteorological uncertainty is needed within a dispersion modeling framework so that plausible ranges of predictions from radiological releases to the atmosphere (e.g. nuclear power plant, nuclear detonation) can be accurately communicated to decision makers. Largely for computational reasons, atmospheric model ensembles typically utilize a reduced set of physics...
Seismic hazard assessment in Kenya is very crucial due to great and rapid spread of large development programs especially, the nuclear power plants and oil and gas, stations that are envisaged to be established under the Vision 2030. Although Kenya is considered a country of low to moderate seismic activity, it has experienced numerous historical large earthquakes and damage has been reported...
Normal operational releases of radioxenon make the discrimination between radioxenon detections from civil nuclear applications and from nuclear testing a very complex task. The objective on the short to medium term is to develop algorithms and tools that facilitate the understanding of the background. The longer-term vision is to eventually develop robust methodologies for determining to what...
In this work, we present the "Pressure and Initial Measurement" (PIM) measurement board. The goal of project PIM is to develop a low-cost measurement board with multiple seismo-acoustic digital sensor and to compare them with existing high-fidelity equipment. PIM is designed using Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors. The sensors on the measurement board are an absolute pressure...
During the process of tracking the globe for signs of nuclear explosions, the monitoring network of the CTBTO generates huge amounts of data that assist scientists to understand our Earth in a better way. IMS data and spin-offs can be applied by scientists and other interested parties in diverse fields, ranging from atmospheric studies to recording of earthquakes, warning of impending tsunamis...
PROMOTION OF CIVIL AND SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS OF DATA AND TECHNIQUES USED FOR NUCLEAR TEST BAN VERIFICATION ABSTRACT By: Harun R. Muturi During the process of monitoring the globe for signs of nuclear explosions, the CTBTO monitoring network generates large amounts of data which has potential to be used for civil and scientific applications in many areas. Data and spin-offs from the...
The Vienna Basin is the largest petroleum basin in Austria. As part of the ongoing seismic exploration for hydrocarbon resources in the basin, a large-N (N=10,530) dataset of continuous seismic recordings of the ambient seismic field was acquired in early 2018. Data were recorded on geophones (10-Hz corner frequency) and each location was made up of 12 or 24 densely clustered geophones, which...
Bolivia is a country that is recently venturing into nuclear issues such as: • Nuclear Research Reactor • Food irradiator • Cyclotron and pharmacy radio Through the creation of the ABEN Bolivian Nuclear Energy Agency in 2016, which is promoting the three points mentioned above in a single complex in an urban area of the city of El Alto in District 8 in an area of 100 hectares. In this way...
Capacity building, education and public awareness are sorely needed for understanding and mitigating the effects of global change and nuclear explosion. Likewise, for the compliance with the CTBT and contribute for Global Peace and Security in the all regions. To heighten public awareness campaign on nuclear explosion matters, long-term and locally-based training and awareness are relevant to...
Radioactive wastes are usually by-products of nuclear power generation and other applications of .nuclear technology, such as research and medicine. Previous sampling techniques required sample volumes ranging in the tens of milliliters and poses a high level risk of radiation exposure to analytical personnel and equipment. Nanotechnology has provided various structures which reduce oxidative...
The quality of the IDC REB was assessed by comparing it with an international bulletin viz., NEIC. To accomplish the task, NEIC (NEIC located events) and IDC REB events for the month of September 2018 were utilized. During this period, 2268 and 2976 events were considered for NEIC and IDC, respectively. The comparison was performed using the BULCMP software to identify matched and unmatched...
The sole purpose of an on-site inspection is to clarify whether a nuclear weapon test explosion has been carried out in violation of the CTBT. In order to ensure that credible results are delivered from the in-field analysis of the environmental samples collected during an inspection, the OSI Division are developing the underlying processes , identifying key performance indicators, and...
A real-time monitoring system for state of health (SoH) information can be an important part of maintaining radiological instrumentation in a laboratory, in the field and in remote locations. This session will discuss the concept of Lab-Pulse which is a live SoH monitoring system for radiological instrumentation to ensure system performance, increase up-time, improve timing of instrument...
The Preparatory Commission's for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) main task is to establish a global verification regime to monitor compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The Commission has developed an atmospheric transport modelling (ATM) pipeline in order to produce source-receptor-sensitivity (SRS) fields to indicate possible source...
The International Monitoring System (IMS) developed by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) is a global system of monitoring stations, using four complementary technologies: seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasound and radionuclide. The radionuclide network comprises 80 stations, of which more than 60 are certified. These radionuclide stations provide global monitoring of...
Within the past decade a significant shortage of He-3 and consequently an enormous increase in cost has occurred. Detectors equipped with He-3 are widely used in neutron detection applications, e.g. by first responders, during on-site inspections, and in other applications where nuclear and radioactive material has to be detected, localized and possibly identified. Therefore replacement...
NPL maintain the UK’s primary standards of radioactivity; including radioactive gas standards. Gas standards of H-3, C-11, C-14, Kr-85 and Xe-133 are realised by means of absolute counting using a series of length-compensated internal-gas proportional counters. These standards are used for the calibration of stack, area and environmental monitors. Presented is an overview of NPL’s capability...
Aerosol radioactivity analysis plays an important role in environmental radiation monitoring. The set up of CNP22 in Guangzhou, China allows station operators to log in a continuous radioactivity data and find radioactivity characteristics. The concentrations of Pb-210 and Be-7 give seasonal variation and show a maximum in winter times. A relationship between Pb-210, Be-7 and PM10, PM2.5 were analyzed.
Molten salt reactors (MSRs) utilize a molten salt mixture as the primary coolant, and some systems also have fuel dissolved in the coolant. Whilst the concept is not new, and was established in the 1950s, there has been renewed interest as part of the development of Generation IV reactor designs. In particular they are seen as a promising technology for utilizing thorium or spent light water...
Brazilian Navy is monitoring the concentration of the radionuclides, Cesium 137 and Strontium 90, in samples of water, sediment, fish, and mussels from the marine environment along the Brazilian Coast, since 1996. The aim of this work is to know the background of these radionuclides to assess possible increasing of the values due to human activities with nuclear test, nuclear power station...
LLNL is researching a metal-organic framework material for collecting radioactive xenon isotopes from atmospheric raw air for applications in the context of nuclear test monitoring. By using a recently-synthetized xenon-adsorbing material, in combination with an advanced adsorption processing cycle in a structured adsorbent bed, the LLNL concept has the potential of reducing the footprint and...
A trusted known test sample is vital to working with measurement systems regarding diagnostics and quality control. In the laboratory setting, diagnostic and quality measurements have been essential to troubleshooting and performance demonstration, respectively. The ability to make these types of measurements is just as powerful and necessary in the field. The measurement of radioactive xenon...
In November, 2018, CTBTO staff came to Iraq to configure and install the Capacity Building System at our National Data Center comes with some analysis programs, that improved our analysis and come up with a precise location of the earthquakes in Iraq that happened in 25\11\2018 that makes us to differentiate the earthquake or man-made event .The Importance of setting up the CBS is to enable us...
In recent years, the CTBTO Preparatory Commission has been very active in raising global public awareness about the dangers associated with nuclear testing and the need for the CTBT ratification, as well as the treaty’s technical aspects. Recognizing the importance of these activities, the study evaluates, through a systematic and comparative analysis, as well as an expert survey, how...
General Dynamics Mission Systems (GDMS) is seeking methods to reduce downtime due to filter advance failures for the Radionuclide Aerosol Sampler/Analyzer (RASA) system. The primary concern during filter advances are filter jams, which occurs when the filter media wraps itself around the driver rollers. Filter jams often lead to hardware damage to the advance motor gear assembly, thus...
The International monitoring system of the Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) is now composed of 18 seismic stations all over Africa. Initially, those stations has been installed to detect any nuclear explosion in the region and from all over the world. The state signatories of the treaty has access to those data in near real time and gets the opportunity to use them for their...
NET-VISA is a physics-based generative model of global-scale seismology designed for network processing at the IDC, i.e. building an event bulletin based on waveform data. The model includes a probabilistic description of event formation in multiple media (underground, ocean, and atmosphere), the propagation of energy within and across the media along multiple paths or phases, the detection...
Ghana is far from the major earthquake plate boundaries. However, the region has experienced devastating earthquakes in the past. Two major earthquakes of magnitude 6.5 on the Richter scale were recorded in the country in 1862 and 1939 and numerous earth tremors thereafter. On 24 March, 2018 and 9 December, 2018 a series of earth tremors of magnitude ranging from 3.0 to 4.8 on the Richter...
Davie Ridge/Fracture Zone, considered as the seaward extension of eastern branch (Kenya Rift Valley) of the East African Rift System (Mougenot et al., 1986), is a 2200 km-long prominent relic fracture zone that cuts across the West Somali Basin (Coffin and Rabinowitz, 1987, 1988; Grimison and Chen, 1988). It ranges between 30 and 120 km wide, with a west-facing scarp along the lower half of...
We have developed a method of reducing wind noise impact on recording of infrasound signals by considering wind speed at IMS infrasound stations. Approbation of developed algorithms was performed at IS43. The likelihood ratio Λ for a model signal corresponding to a 10 kiloton atmospheric nuclear explosion (ANE) at the distance of about 3000 km from the infrasound station was used as a...
South Africa has been a regional training centre for the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Assistance and Protection Course and Analytical Chemistry Course since 2005. In the Assistance and Protection Course, participants dealing with the emergency response and protection against chemical weapons and toxic industrial chemicals are invited. The course covers...
Relative locations of the six declared DPRK nuclear test events are presented. Given a well azimuthally distributed dataset of common stations, each with sufficient time-bandwidth product, precise relative arrival times are produced through manual alignment (e.g., Fisk, 2002). These relative arrivals are subsequently used to calculate a network specific travel-time correction via a master...
Here we apply three relative location techniques (double-difference, hierarchal clustering, and station corrections), to the six reported North Korean nuclear tests using IMS data. The aim of this study is to better understand how each technique performs with respect to the others, and to compare with independently published results, as well as the official North Korean nuclear test site map....
The establishment of National Data Centers by states members has really helped in the monitoring and verification efforts of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). The core mandate of the CTBTO is to ban all nuclear test explosions. Almost all the central and East African countries have signed and ratified the CTBT. To monitor nuclear test explosions, systems built on...
In an effort to improve the velocity models used in the calculation of travel time corrections for regional phases, well-located earthquakes are being relocated and classified as ground truth (GT). The events were prepared by first reassessing their source parameters using available collected phase data. The first step in identifying possible GT events was to preselect events that were going...
A key component in the initial relief efforts following an earthquake disaster is the ShakeMap, which depicts the distribution of shaking intensity in the struck region and is usually available within minutes of an earthquake. In regions where seismic instrumentation is limited, such ShakeMaps are poorly constrained. In Haiti for example, there were no seismometers operating during the 2010 Mw...
The first industrial prototype of the new Generation SPALAX system (SPALAX-NG) has been delivered at CEA in December 2017. This system is dedicated to continuous detection and measurement of xenon radioisotopes in the atmosphere. It has been designed to upgrade the current SPALAX system on the IMS network. After several months of optimization, an official validation test period has been...
Complexity of seismic sources can be represented by space-time variations of stress gluts. We present a new representation theorem of seismic sources that exactly and uniquely decomposes any stress-glut density into a set of up to six orthogonal tensor fields of increasing degree (Juarez & Jordan, GJI-2018). The moment tensor fields are ordered by their first nonzero polynomial moments. The...
In compliance with the acceptance process for the next generation noble gas systems, the SAUNA III – prototype at FOI has undergone a six-month evaluation in cooperation with the PTS. The system was allowed to run in routine operation, and was also further tested using radioactive xenon injections at the beginning and at the end of the test period. Results from the tests will be presented.
A comprehensive radiation assessment and possible long-term predictive estimates of the radiation situation at places of long-term storage require oversight of radioactive gas emanation. For which reason, it is necessary to develop and implement respective recommendations for research and future oversight of the content of radioactive gases in air of SNF storage areas. Experimental research...
As moderate devastating earthquake that impacted the economic loss was about $ 1.68 million US, the 2018 Kalibening earthquake quite shocked where the faulting mechanism still unconfirmed. There was no reference indicating the existence of the faulting zone exactly on the earthquake sequence. We take a benefit from seismic temporary network with the density ±2 km, which deployed while a...
In September 1979 industrial underground nuclear explosion rocked Ukraine, in the frame program #7 "Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy". The nuclear experiment was conducted in the suburb of the Yenakiyeve town, the "Yunyi Kommunar (Yunkom)" coal mine. After nuclear explosion formed a vitrified glass-ceramic melt chamber containing about 95% of the radioactivity of the explosion to...
The introduction of the Radionuclide NDC-In-A-Box (RNIAB) was a mile stone in the treaty verification. The software is helping the Radionuclide community to get the latest and utmost of the Radionuclide data, analysis and review. However, maintaining and operating such complex software is a complex task and lacks the means of exchanging information and data analysis among the state parties....
Role of Civil Society Organizations for education and public awareness in NIGER The role of the CTBTO is to detect any atomic explosion on the planet to take steps to prevent the current nuclear-armed countries from continuing their tests, and the States that do not have nuclear weapons to not acquire them. In addition to this mission, it can make available to scientists data for civilian...
It is impossible to achieve sustainable development goal (SDG no. 16) in absence of peace. Nepal is a peace loving country. It has already signed CTBT. It always advocates nuclear technology for peaceful purposes. It has supported the nuclear disarmament and non proliferation treaty. It is a landlocked country between two nuclear giants; China and India. Their numbers of nuclear plants are...
Travel-time predictions from RSTT, a global three-dimensional velocity model of the crust and upper mantle are tested and validated in the Middle East, Central Asia and Caucasus regions. In cooperation with the CTBTO, we organized workshops (e.g. Kazakhstan) to conduct training on RSTT. Using the iLoc location algorithm and ground truth events as benchmark locations we relocated events both...
The PS14-ROSC station was certified as a CTBTO Primary Seismic Station since 2003. The station is located in Rosal close to the Colombian National Seismological Network headquarters. The ambient seismic noise around the station has increased since it was installed. With the purpose of improving the signal-to-noise ratio, reducing noise and improving seismic data quality we have proposed to...
The development of the SALSA3D (SAndia LoS Alamos 3D) tomographic velocity models has made available to the monitoring and seismological communities a 3D velocity model useful for event location and uncertainty estimation. We discuss the research products that have resulted from this effort, including the models themselves, model uncertainties, a set of 2D and 3D travel time tables and an...
A detection network consisting of arrays of less complex noble gas measurement systems at selected sites, would, at comparable cost, have a verification capability superior to the current IMS noble gas network configuration. Such a network would also be more reliable, redundant, and easier to maintain. The first industrial prototype of a noble gas system adapted for an array network -...
CTBT member countries appointed the technical tasks to institutions that already monitor national seismological networks (Betancourt, 2018). In some South American states, seismological research organisations also promote the awareness of seismic culture in their countries, associating threat and vulnerability in delivering sound contents (Herzog, 2018; Betancourt, 2017), i.e. best practices...
Karpathos is the second largest of the Greek Dodecanese islands. Historical data indicate that this area is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. In this study we evaluate the tsunami hazard for the Karpathos Island (Karpathos, Arkasa and the Airport) by means of a scenario-based technique. We take into account tsunamis generated by three seismic sources in agreement with local tectonics and...
Although the primary purpose of the products of International Data Center (IDC) and the International Monitoring System (IMS) of Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) verification regime is to verify compliance with the Treaty effectively, those products can be used in scientific and civil applications such as research on earth structure, earthquake monitoring and tsunami warning. The...
Donald Morton1, Delia Arnold2, Pierre Bourgouin3 1Boreal Scientific Computing LLC, Fairbanks, Alaska USA 2Arnold Scientific Consulting, Manresa, Spain 3Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, Vienna, Austria It is generally considered that guidance resulting from ATM usually benefits from an increase of spatial and temporal resolution. Under funding from the European Union Council...
The report presents the results of a study of seasonal variations in the spectral characteristics of seismic waves in the Baikal rift from earthquake and microseism records based on the H/V-ratios. We used records of seismic waves from regional earthquakes (P and S-waves), as well as records of microseismic vibrations. To account for seasonal variations, data were considered in different...
With the recent SeisComP3 release the already available seismic event locators including LocSat, Hypo71 and NonLinLoc have been extended with iLoc. iLoc is the expansion of the ISC locator algorithm optimized for seismic event monitoring by local and regional networks, NDCs and global event location studies. With iLoc the open source SeisComP3 system is able to integrate results from array...
Plans to develop geothermal resources in the Baringo-Silali Block in the northern segment of the Kenya Rift by Geothermal Development Company (GDC), is at an advanced stage. The company has installed ten seismic stations around Paka and Korosi volcanoes, within the Kenyan rift system, to monitor seismicity for sustainable development of the resource and as part of geohazard monitoring prior...
Seismic hazard assessment for Madagascar based on Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) method is carried out. An earthquake catalogue was compiled from data combined between two sets of bulletins by the MACOMO stations and NDC stations between 1989-2016. Duplicate events were removed and the catalogue was homogenized to moment magnitude (MW) scale before being declustered to remove...
By virtue of its tectonic position on the southern tip of the East African Rift System; The northern region of Malawi often experiences earthquakes of varied sizes. These earthquakes are a significant hazard to the communities in the area. The December 2009, Karonga earthquake of moment magnitude Mw 6.0 (USGS, 2009), caused significant damage and disruption to local communities which are...
In the present study Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA) has been carried out for the states of Himachal Pradesh & Uttarakhand. Study investigates the seismicity data from the year 1963 to 2017 with Mw≥4.0 in the region bounded by by 29°N - 33°N latitude and 75°E - 81°E longitude have been taken from the catalogue of USGS and ISC. The study region is one of the most seismically active...
The analysis of data and information about strong distant, regional and local occurred earthquakes was performed. Seismological monitoring in Belarus represents the system of continuous round-the-clock observations, on-line data transfer, obtained data multilevel storage, processing and analysis, control of natural and artificial seismic events in a wide energy and distance range. All works...
The 5.5 earthquake occurred in Mossurize District, Manica Province, Mozambique. The National Institute of Mines used the IMS data to improve the location and depth of the earthquake. Further studies of intensity using Mercalli scale were used to estime the coverage of damaged areas and infrastructures within. Combining both methods, seismology and imaging with drones, helped the civil...
The use of regional distance long-period, complete waveform data to determine the seismic moment tensor is now a routine and reliable approach in determining the source mechanism of natural and manmade seismicity and may be used to identify or discriminate different types of seismic sources. Such source-type identification is important for better understanding the physics of earthquakes,...
Identifying different seismic phase of a seismograph has been the cornerstone in earthquake processing and location. Most of the efforts of the seismic phase identification is the obligation of the analyst. Deep leaning is offering a powerful tool for analyst experience transfer by learning form the events data already processed. Then, these gained knowledge can be used for upcoming processing...
Instrumental seismology is based mainly on the precision of the recording instruments and their operating States. It is important to know the response of the association digitizer-sensor to the ground excitation. For the purposes of the CGS, aftershocks recording seismic array, we suggest a simple method to evaluate the operation of the short seismic stations to each other. Ten seismometers...
Seismicity is the severe stress-induced geohazard in Greater Caucasus (Azerbaijan). There are plenty of faults in the studied area of Azerbaijan, most of them believed to be active. The probability of an unexpected earthquake on such faults was quantified. In this study, classical Probability Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) with two individual approaches was applied, one with area sources...
The seismicity of the Portuguese territory increases in intensity from north to south, with a spatial distribution concentrated in the south and its adjacent Atlantic margins. The present seismological study, focused around Algarve region, it was carried out through a cooperation project between the Universities of Ãvora (Portugal), Lisbon (Portugal), Strasbourg (France) and the IPMA (Lisbon,...
Egypt has suffered from a numerous of destructive earthquakes such as Kalabsha earthquake (1981, Mag 5.4) near Aswan city, Cairo earthquake (1992, Mag 5.9) and Aqaba earthquake (1995, Mag 7.2). The Egyptian authorities do a great effort to mitigate the earthquake disasters. The seismicity at the zones of high activity is investigated in details in order to obtain the active source zones. Since...
The Okavango Delta region (ODR)in Botswana is one of the largest alluvial fans on earth and is hosted in a graben structure that could be the terminus of a southwesterly extension of the East African Rift System (EARS). The delta comprises the upstream panhandle and the downstream mega-fan situated in the middle of the Kgalagadi Basin. The ODR has been observed to be characterized by the...
Not much is known and well documented about the seismicity of a larger coverage of Botswana primarily because over the years, local seismic stations were biased to the north-western part of Botswana, to monitor the more seismogenic Okavango Delta Region. The objective of this study is to estimate the relative size distribution of seismic events (b-value), the rate of seismic activity...
A four-element seismo-acoustic array of 1.2 km aperture is deployed in northern Romania, at BURAR site, under a joint effort of AFTAC (USA) and NIEP (Romania). To characterize the site detection background, typical sources observed by both types of sensors are investigated. Generated from non-linear interactions between ocean waves, the ambient noise – atmospheric (microbaroms) and crustal...
We explored joined analysis of seismic and infrasonic signals for improvement in automatic monitoring of small events using collocated seismic and infrasonic networks operating in Israel during 2012-2017 within the Bi-national USA-Israel Science Foundation (BSF) project. The network covering Israel territory comprised 14 stations hosting a microphone and a seismic sensor (seismometer or...
The December13, 2009 earthquake and followed aftershocks were generated near Chittagong folded belt. This active earthquake source structure is located near subduction zone of India-Myanmar plates boundary. The generation of earthquake larger than 5 indicates that the region is tectonically active and such trust faults are capable to generate future large earthquake. Chittagong and Chittagong...
On September 3rd 2017 official channels of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea announced the successful test of a nuclear device. Only minutes after the alleged nuclear explosion at the Punggye-ri nuclear test site at 03:30:02 (UTC), hundreds of stations distributed all around the globe picked up strong and distinct seismic signals associated with an explosion. Our investigations locate...
Assessment of seismic hazard is challenging especially for low seismicity regions like southern Africa, where association of seismicity to causative faults is difficult as most of these faults are buried and show no surface rupture. However, the availability of good quality data from improved monitoring of earthquakes, recent geological, geodetic and geophysical studies, have made it possible...
At site "Balapan" of Semipalatinsk test site (STS), 105 underground nuclear explosions (UNE) were carried out in vertical wells with power up to 150 kt and depths up to 500 m, at the site "Degelen" - more than 200 UNEs were carried out in horizontal tunnels at depths up to 200 m. Actual locations determination of UNEs on STS by existing methods is complicated by depth of UNEs at "Balapan", and...
A recent probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for Egypt is performed of the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and Spectral Acceleration (SA) for 475 and 2475 years return periods. In the current study, an earthquake catalog of Egypt and its surrounding from 2200 BC to 2016 AD is used for identifying the seismic sources and calculating their seismicity parameters. Two de-clustering algorithms,...
Source term estimation (STE) methods calculate the most-likely source characteristics of an atmospheric release given concentration observations. The confidence in the STE depends on the time and space scales of the observations, sensor locations, and release parameters. In previous work, we developed and validated a probabilistic STE algorithm that was validated using high-resolution...
Position-Finding/Navigation, Field Communication, UAVs and Near-Field -Communication are all commercial-off-the-shelf equipments, which are widely used in everyday life nowadays. This paper is dedicated to the potential use of those above mentioned equipments in the CTBT technical framework and real OSI scenarios, as well as to provide engineering system solutions. Essential philosophy of...
This paper analyzes the characteristics of interference event in the infrasound detection of nuclear explosion. After data preprocessing, such as mean removal, atmospheric disturbance removal, filtering and normalization, etc., the infrasound signal characteristics of lightning, chemical explosion and satellite launch event are analyzed through spectrum and statistical methods. Finally,...
Dahlia Tropical Cyclone has occurred on November, 27th until December, 02nd 2017 which growth in West Indian Ocean near Bengkulu Sea. Altimetry satellite was used to determine the condition of sea level anomaly. It is showed an increased sea level anomaly about 0,3-0,4 meters. Delft-3D simulation modeling was conducted to determine the condition of ocean and atmospheric dynamics at the growth...
Radionuclide laboratoreis affiliated with the CTBTO use high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry to determine the presence of certain fission and activation products, which indicate the occurence of a nuclear explosion. Annual proficiency tests are used to assess the performance of the radionuclide laboratories. While proficiency test samples are usually quite expensive to prepare and allow only...
We relocated all events in the Pannonian Basin with the iLoc location algorithm using travel-time predictions from RSTT, a global, three-dimensional velocity model of the crust and upper mantle to provide accurate single event locations and to identify ground truth events. Using the iLoc locations as initial hypocenters and several hundred confirmed quarry blasts and mine explosions that...
Since nearly 30 years - apparently contemporaneous to the rapid decrease of the Dead Sea level – ongoing unknown sinkhole processes in the subsurface continuously compromise farming areas, housings, industrial sites, and infrastructure at the investigation site, resulting in massive destructions. Similar processes are observed also at the western border of the Dead Sea. Although many...
As part of its monitoring activities, the CGS Algeria includes a National strong motion accelerometers network and a National Broadband seismic network (five stations) located in northern part of the country. In the effort to install the Broadband stations a methodology was adopted, inspired from the international standard and adopted with local needs. As first step administrative contacts was...
North Korea conducted underground nuclear explosions on October 9, 2006 (mb 4.3), May 25, 2009 (mb 4.7), February 12, 2013 (mb 5.1) , January 6, 2016 (mb 5.1), September 9, 2016 (mb 5.3) and September 3, 2017 (mb 6.3). We estimated source depths at 2.12 km, 2.06 km, 2.05 km, 2.06 km, 2.05 km and 1.97 km respectively based on the azimuth averaged spectral minima using pP+P/sP+P and pPn + Pn/...
The Source Physics Experiment (SPE) chemical explosions provide ground truth, and near-source recordings that are unavailable in typical monitoring scenarios. We examine coda source spectral ratios of near-source, local and regional distance recordings to isolate source and propagation effects, and to potentially improve monitoring at distance. Classical source models (Mueller and Murphy,...
On Friday, 28 September 2018 (10:02:45 UTC) occurred the damage earthquake in Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Based on BMKG analysis, the earthquake has magnitude Mw 7.4, depth 11 km, and epicenter in 0.2˚S - 119.89˚E. This event cause destructive secondary effects such as tsunami, landslides, liquefaction, and collapsed structure in many place in Palu city. Slip distribution and Source...
In this study, the P- and S-wave observed velocity and displacement source spectra from earthquakes and Quarry explosions with similar magnitudes were analyzed and compared. We have examined 1755 vertical component seismograms of 244 earthquakes and 239 Quarry explosions with magnitudes Md=1.5-3.3 between 2009 to 2015 recorded by the Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN) in northern Egypt...
Many source-term estimation algorithms for atmospheric releases assume the measured concentration data are influenced only by the releases of interest. However, there are situations where identifying a short-term release from an unknown location in the presence of long-term releases from a different location is of interest. One such example is determining if part or all of a typical magnitude...
Algorithms that estimate the location and magnitude of an atmospheric release using remotely sampled air concentrations typically involve a single constituent. A new algorithm is presented that makes discrimination between possible types of releases (e.g., nuclear explosion, nuclear power plant, or medical isotope production facility) an integral part of the analysis for samples that contain...
It is well known that weak-constraint variational data assimilation (4D-Var) performs better than its strong-constraint counterpart by including model uncertainty terms in the cost function. However, model uncertainties have been rarely considered in the inverse modeling applications. In this study, a simple weak-constraint inverse modeling scheme is designed to include model uncertainties...
I compute the source time functions of North Korean nuclear tests directly from seismograms. Because the events are located close to each other, the spectral ratio of the seismograms of two events measured at the same seismic station is the spectral ratio of the reduced velocity potential (RVP) source time functions: the path effect between the test site and the seismic station cancels. A...
We process continuous data downloaded from the IRIS Data Management Center and recorded at the TA array in Alaska to detect and locate P-wave microseisms using a backprojection method. We backproject the energy to a series of grid points covering the entire Earth, with ~400 km spacing. For each grid point—and an assumed origin time—10 min data from each element of the Alaska TA array is...
To visualize and characterize the surface imprint of the 2017 test, radar data from the ALOS-2 satellite and multispectral optical data from the Pleiades satellite are investigated. Data from the ALOS-2 satellite in the L band are analyzed by SAR Interferometry to investigate surface deformations correlated with the 2017 test and its aftershocks. The method of change detection analysis based...
There are multiple approaches to radioxenon data analysis using the net count calculation (NCC) method. This presentation focuses on the 10- and 7-regions-of-interest (ROI) approaches. Analysis of radioxenon data from the Xenon International, a new system developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in partnership with Teledyne Brown Engineering, uses the 7-ROI approach, whereas the...
The Source Term Analysis of Xenon (STAX) project is a new effort to better understand the radioxenon background in the environment. This project aims to use high resolution stack detector systems to measure the four IMS relevant radioxenons (Xe-131m, Xe-133m, Xe-133 and Xe-135) from fission based Mo-99 production facilities. The data pipeline from the collection of the raw data to the...
The main goal is to perform a detailed statistical analysis of the atmospheric background and of the "Abnormal Concentrations" of radioxenon, measured at some IMS stations. For each IMS station considered, a descriptive statistical analysis of the empirical distribution was performed and two types of "Statistical Process Control Charts" were applied to the measured values. The Shewhart...
One key element of the quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) program for IMS Noble Gas systems of the Radionuclide network will be based on sample re-analyses at IMS laboratories. Station and Radionuclide Laboratory results of measurements of Xenon activity concentrations and isotope ratios will be compared since these parameters are independent of gas losses. In order to ensure the...
The level of confidence expected by the measurement produced by geophysical measurement chains is a guarantee of quality for the data that are processed in the subsequent analysis process and the elements necessary for the resulting decision-making. The CEA's metrology activity in the infrasound and seismic fields has historically contributed to the development of this confidence. The fields...
We present the manufacturing status of INVAP´s stack monitor for the STAX (Source Term Analysis of Xenon) project. INVAP has designed a stack monitor based on a HPGe detector that meets the Hardware and Software requirements defined by STAX project. Emphasis is put in the fact that it can be adapted to broad emissions regimes of the different MIPFs. The monitor has a modular design which...
The emerging trends in South Asia’s nuclear politics are running contrary to global non-proliferation norms. The developing trends not only have the tendency to make the nuclear norms more vulnerable, but also undermine the security of the region as a whole. The emerging trends include preferential treatment of India in civil nuclear agreements and its potential membership in the NSG, growing...
A half-century has passed since the NPT embedded into international law a normative and legal barrier prohibiting the horizontal proliferation of nuclear armaments. Once praised by President Lyndon B. Johnson 'as the most important international agreement since the beginning of the nuclear age’ , the NPT has come under intense pressure in recent years, due to a mosaic of endogenous and...
The stress/strain tensor fields of the Earth’s interior and surface are hard to present legibly and with sufficient resolution in form of a classical map. Our imaging method is based on coding of three independent stress/strain tensor shape descriptors into the three colour channels (red, green, blue) of an RGB colour. The choice of the descriptors depends on the physical relevance to the...
In recent studies, the seismic activity in Ulaanbaatar region has been activate since 2005. Therefore, This is a need for a more comprehensive study on the structure of this region where the highest density of population of Mongolia lives. The aim of this study is to obtain a map of structure of Ulaanbaatar region by gravity data and to estimate the thickness of the sediments and the...
A crucial part of the verification system of the CTBT are the radioxenon monitoring systems that are monitoring the atmosphere for potential xenon releases from nuclear explosions. The efficient adsorption and desorption of radioxenon in adsorbent materials is essential for the detection capability of these systems. Recent studies on xenon adsorption in porous materials have shown promising...
A magnitude 7.5 earthquake with subsequent tsunami occurred on September 28th 2018 at 10:02:45 UTC near the city of Palu on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. Clear and long-lasting infrasound signatures related to this event were observed by at least two IMS infrasound arrays. Although these IMS stations IS39 and IS07 in Palau and northern Australia are more than 1800 and 2700 km away from...
Seismic data processing algorithms are constantly being improved. Most algorithms demands preliminary processing. Typically, this processing is either very simple, such as frequency filtering, or highly specialized for highlighting specific features of the signal and can not be used with other post-processing algorithms. We are considering solutions which are not leading to significant losses...
Microtremor IS continues vibrations of the ground, having small amplitudes in the range of 0.1 to 1 micron. Their origin is related to natural and artificial disturbances, such as wind, sea waves, traffic industrial noise, and similar causes. Observation of microtremors can give useful information on dynamic properties of the site such as predominant period, and amplitude. By taking advantage...
Background hydroacoustic signals resulting from marine air-gun surveys impact the detection capability of the CTBTO hydroacoustic stations and their automated processing (Brouwer et al., 2018). For surveys close to hydroacoustic stations or with favourable coupling into the SOFAR channel, the periodic air-gun shots stand out clearly as a fishbone pattern in the time trace. It is desirable to...
Some RN stations and for years suffered from long term problems that affected their data availability. These problems were temporarily fixed and were reappearing after a certain time. The strategy of dealing with these long term issue was to identify the root cause and try to tackle. The poster present various stations where a good diagnostic of the root cause and proper and prompt measures...
Ten National Data Centers (NDCs) and CTBT PrepCom’s International Data Center (IDC) exchanged their waveform analyses on six North Korea-declared nuclear tests at the sixth East Asia Regional NDC workshop (EARNW) held September 17-21, 2018, in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Cross correlation technique is clearly becoming popular among the workshop participants for a variety of purposes including...
Large-magnitude (>5 mb) earthquakes occur regularly along the northern Middle America Trench, a major subduction zone located offshore the Pacific coast of Mexico. Time-difference-of-arrival calculations suggest that low-frequency acoustic phases generated by these events couple into the Sound Fixing and Ranging (SOFAR) channel and can be recorded as far as Diego Garcia, Indian Ocean, where a...
Among methods for big data exploration, machine learning is becoming more reliable solution in decision making systems and figure out trends in data or testing new models and algorithms on specific data sets. Support vector machine is a supervised learning method in classification and regression analysis. This research was conducted to evaluate the application of support vector machine (SVM)...
FOI has been collecting and archiving weekly air filters from six locations throughout Sweden for ~50 years (>15,000 filters in total); the original goal of this project was to detect radioactive fallout. In cooperation with Umeå University and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, these filters have been utilized to examine biodiversity in Sweden through time by sequencing the DNA...
On October 7, 1996 Tajikistan signed the "Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (СТВТ)" and on December 2, 1998 the mentioned treaty was ratified. Tajikistan has borders with China, Pakistan and India, where nuclear tests were previously conducted. Taking into account the proximity of these countries, some work is being done in Tajikistan to continuously improving monitoring in various zones...
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty was adopted in 1996. It is one of the fundamental mechanisms in the field of non-proliferation and nuclear disarmament and one of the pillars of global nuclear non-proliferation regime. Accordance Annex II Treaty shall be subject to ratification by 44 States to enter into force. Situation remains pending of the ratification of eight States (China, Egypt,...
That Iraq is a country subject to seismic activity associated with for a belt Zacros-Taurus caused by the collision of the Arab platelet with the Eurasian platelet. Where Arab platelet is affected by three types of tectonic boundaries: divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries, seam boundaries, And under these attractions the Arab plate moves north-east, leading to the expansion of the area...
Monitoring seismicity and appropriately analysing the data are important for both scientific and civil applications. Correct analysis forms the premise for estimating the risks in intercontinental seismicity occasioned by tectonic plate interaction. The International Monitoring Stations IMS seismic stations in African region consist of 9 primary and 15 auxiliary stations. Two earthquakes...
As part of Indonesia PRIMA 2017 cruise, a geophysical research was conducted research vessel Baruna Jaya VIII at leg # 1 from Jakarta to Sabang via Indian Ocean, and at Leg # 2 from Sabang to Jakarta via Malacca Strait. The objective of this research is to observe the tectonic structure of Malacca Strait in the north of Pidie. The method used in this research includes observation of t seabed...
The possibility of using data from the registration of atmospheric pressure fluctuations obtained on a microbarograph network to study the problem of climate change is studied. The study of atmospheric pressure fluctuations in the range of periods of infrasonic and internal gravity waves (periods from 10 seconds to 3 hours) recorded in 2009-2018 at the network of OIAP microbarographs located...
To assess the feasibility of the installation of an infrasound array on the campus of Nanyang Technological University (NTU) a temporary deployment of the Seismo Wave MB3d microbarometers is being designed and carried out. This system uses Raspberry Pi 3 B (RPi) microcomputers for data collection, archiving, and data streaming via Wi-Fi and Ethernet. The use of RPi allows for a real-time...
Treaties like the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) create binding obligations on States once they enter into force: for example, the obligation not to engage in nuclear weapons testing. But under international law, customs can also create binding obligations. Although the CTBT has yet to enter into force, does it nevertheless strengthen the formation of a customary law prohibition on...
Lake Albert is located at western border of Uganda with Democratic Republic of Congo. The lake is bounded by boarder active faults of the western branch of the East African Rift System (EARS). The western branch of the EARS is very seismically active on the African Continent. On 2nd, 3rd and 4th July 2013, the Albertine Lake region was hit by moderate earthquake activity. The seismic events...
One factor affecting Radionuclide Aerosol Sampler/Analyzer (RASA) detector minimum detectable concentration (MDC) is the level of background counts in the spectrum. Interactions between cosmic rays and high-purity germanium detectors result in increased detector background counts, which reduce detector sensitivity. Anti-coincidence systems eliminate counts which originate outside the detector...
The first infrasound array in Hungary (PSZI) started operation in May 2017. On its recordings several different natural and man-made sources have been identifed, including quarry blasts, bolides, thunderstorms, volcano eruptions and microbaroms. Between June 2017 and December 2018 the Hungarian National Seismological Network recorded seismic signals from more than 1000 surface explosions in...
Jordan has established the (NDC-JO) within Jordan Seismological Observatory (JSO) under the umbrella of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources; this poster aims to present the application of (IMS) data and (IDC) products at (NDC-JO) and (JSO). Since its establishment, JO-NDC received data from a few IMS seismic stations, JO-NDC also utilizes the IDC Secured Website to retrieve the IDC...
Doubtful earthquake events in Standard Screened Event Bulletin of International Data Center are focus events to every signatories. For this demand, complexity of waveform, spectral ratio, and composite ratio were selected as the three criteria for discrimination of nuclear explosions from earthquakes by the difference between their focal mechanisms, and research of multi-criteria synthetic...
Earthquakes began to occur in Seymareh dam -Central Zagros region, in Iran- soon after the filling of Seymareh Dam in April 2012, with magnitude 4.7. In the present study, three datasets 2006/08-2011/04 (60 months before impoundment), 2011/04-2016/03 (60 months after impoundment) and 2011/04-2018/10 are analyzed to study the b-value. The b-value is calculated using the Gutenberg– Richter...
Two heavy explosions occurred in Eastern Austria and Southern Germany at gas/oil facilities within less than one year, being detected at dense surrounding seismic networks and remote infrasound arrays. The Baumgarten explosion on 12 December 2017 showed clear seismoacoustic arrivals to distances of 150 km at the seismic AlpArray network and sparse, and hence weak, seismic signals, and an...
The Caucasus is one of the most active segments of Alpine-Himalayan system. High seismicity of the area reflects the active tectonics of the region. In 2016, Caucasus countries started a joint Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) supported by LLNL (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory). The major goal of the project was to compile regional seismic catalog in order to provide...
The issue of comparing different catalogs and identifying identical events in the waveform catalogs is of great importance. In the context of CTBT, this issue is important in several situations. Firstly, in assessment the quality of Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB) and automatic waveform products of IDC versus different baseline catalogs. Secondly, in comparison the results of National Data...
The relation between the human kind and the environment in which it develops has been changing during time and has been always depending on the speed and the efficiency of the technological advances of our species. We have now entered to a new stage in the history were we need to produce big amounts of energy in a very short time. To achieve this we began to use more efficient sources. The use...
Releases of noble gases at the ground surface resulting from explosively propagated vents or large operational releases have typically been considered to be the only modes of transport from an underground nuclear explosion (UNE) which are capable of producing detectable levels of radioxenon in atmospheric sampling at significant standoff distances. For thermally and barometrically driven...
The reoccurrence of Earth tremor and earth quake in Nigeria has been a source of concern to emergency managers and government of Nigeria, Although Nigeria was not generally suspected to be prone to major earthquakes, over the years, several of such minor tremors had been experienced in some parts of the country, the story is different, as a threat has been confirmed,it should be seen as an...
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS) Operations Centre (COPC) is a facility where the International Monitoring System is supervised by staff and is a potential deployment location for an ad hoc On-Site Inspection Operations Support Centre (OSI-OSC). The COPC is a contemporary version of the International Data Centre (IDC)...
This project aims to educate American high-school and university STEM students about the CTBT and its contributions to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, specifically focused on SDG goals 11, 13, and 14. Students in the United States are not aware of the CTBT, despite the United States’ standing as the largest financial supporter of the Treaty’s verification regime. The project...
The detection of low-yield underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) is challenging due to containment measures undertaken to prevent escape of radioactive signatures. These signatures include fission and activation products generated from the explosion. Measures may also be undertaken to restrict generation of seismic and infrasound signatures. A new approach is proposed to detect such tests...
Despite arms control agreements and arrangements cannot come into action without a holistic approach, there has been no study completed that used a rigorous metadata analysis and synthesized related studies to review the overall scene on the topic. This project aims to apply a science-based profile and assessment to analyze the trend of arms control agreements and arrangements research within...
It is important that people is aware of the potential damages that nuclear explosions can cause not only on the land but also in the environment and health of human beings and other living species. It is also important for them know that there exists a Treaty that pretends to prohibit these practices. Sadly in Mexico most of the people is not aware of these practices of nuclear explosions and...
The aim of the study is to find out that nuclear weapons awareness of students who are educated in art teacher program by reflected in the pictures. The study group consist of art students at Cumhuriyet University, faculty of education in 2019 spring semester. The study is quantitative research and was carried out with quasi-experimental method. Data were collected by nuclear power plants...
The OSI courses have many benefits for the participants whether they are in the course of the inspectors, the beginners' courses or the local workshops. They can develop the personal skills of the trainee through the practice which will be useful for the trainee himself and future OSI members. Working together with individuals as a team helps build strong bonds between them and allows new...
A new concept in radioxenon detection, based on the deployment of smaller and less complex systems compared to the ones presently used in IMS, is being developed at FOI. The new radioxenon systems, named SAUNA CUBE, will be deployed in an array configuration consisting of 4-5 units. A first prototype of the CUBE gas processing system has been constructed in the laboratory and its performance...
In this study we are going to present results of global coherent infrasound measured at IMS infrasound stations and its correlation with atmospheric dynamics. A new implementation of the Progressive Multi-Channel Correlation (PMCC) algorithm enables characterization, with a single processing run, of coherent noise in log-spaced frequency with one-third octave bands from 0.01 to 5 Hz. Such a...
In this study we are going to present results of global coherent infrasound measured at IMS infrasound stations and its correlation with atmospheric dynamics. A new implementation of the Progressive Multi-Channel Correlation (PMCC) algorithm enables the characterization, with a single processing run, of coherent noise in log-spaced frequency with one-third octave bands from 0.01 to 5 Hz. Such...
The Affinity is presented as a replacement for the long-running DM24-based digitizer products incorporating Authentication capability. A key design concept is that the operator experience should be the same as far as possible, in order to minimise the learning curve, and maximise the existing investment in knowledge and experience. Both devices are compared, and the commonalities and...
The peak detect ability (D) is defined in IDC RN analysis software SAINT to differentiate peaks from spectra that when D >= 1.0 peaks being identified; and D < 1.0 peaks not being identified. Many peaks alike with D=1 around in RN particulate spectra make the spectra complication and nuclide associations with great difficulty. Cases of peaks identification with D = 1 around will result in two...
In the territory of the "Experimental Field" ground of the Semipalatinsk test site there are a great number of ground zeros of nuclear events. In case there is a crater, a ground zero is quite easy to identify, however, in case of no technogenic disturbances, it is impossible to spot it visually. A detailed analysis of Cs-137 and Am-241 has also shown that due to these meteorologically...
The National Data Center(NDC) of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty was commissioned in Ghana in February 2010 basically to enhance and support international efforts to monitor nuclear weapons testing efficiently. The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization's(CTBTO's) education and activities aim at providing knowledge and training to experts on the treaty that bans all...
Widespread awareness and understanding of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty still remain a challenge. Namibia, a country of only 2.5 million people and fifth largest exporter of nuclear source material, the promotion and widespread understanding of the CTBT is continuously given attention. In a long-term effort to gain public awareness of the CTBT, the Namibia National Data Centre...
The troposphere is generally thought of as the lowest 15 kilometers of the atmosphere. In the simplest case it is characterized by a more or less linear decrease in temperature and a relatively thin elevated wind jet called the jet stream. The jet stream is typically centered about 10 kilometers from the ground surface and is mostly eastward flowing, but can vary from north-eastward to...
Climate is changing and the weather focusing is become a major focus on bringing a new weather pattern for citizens and everyone to follow up.Global warming is the main alteration of climate changes. To curb this, the United Nations sustainable development goals aim at developing and strengthening the future aims at solving the challenges we face. The IMS data with 337 facilities that monitor...
The National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics (OGS) in Trieste (Italy) in cooperation with the Italian CTBTO National Authority is offering its Cludinico (CLUD) seismic station as a Cooperating National Facility (CNF) to the CTBTO: as outlined in Pesaresi and Horn (2015) the additional data from the Italian CNF improve the CTBTO location capabilities in the Europe/Middle...
In a traditional data processing pipeline, the signal associator links the detections to the fitting event hypotheses to generate an event bulletin. Most of the time, this traditional pipeline requires heavy human analyst involvement to improve the quality of the resulting event bulletin. We propose an Iterative Processing Framework (IPF) that incorporates automatic analyst behaviors (Auto...
The one of the main segment of South Hangay fault systems, the Bayanbulag left-lateral strike-slip fault, was activated by moderate sized earthquake with Ml=5.4 on 2012/10/03. The earthquake was recorded by the 72 station BB seismic network deployed in the Hangay dome (44°-51°N, 95°-104°E) during 2012–2014 as part of the scientific collaboration with Lehigh University under frame of the...
We live in an interconnected world characterized by the emergence of new actors and a fast pace technological environment. Prevention and awareness are critical if we wish to prevent rapid escalation of crisis and massive retaliation with Nuclear Weapons from one state to another or the use of so called "Backpack Nukes" from individual persons. Arms control should be sought within the broader...
Launched during the period between 2000 and 2001, the Botswana Seismological Network (BSN) project involved the installation of seven accelerometric stations distributed across the seismically active Okavango delta region (ODR) in northwestern Botswana. The network was deployed for long-term monitoring of seismic activity in the ODR to improve our understanding of the causes of earthquakes and...
We propose the real time monitoring radiation dose network of marine area by using buoys and drones. This system will be provide 2-dimensional dose distribution and estimation of health risk for people who move in the area where the system monitors. This system has been developing to keep safety of evacuees from radiation accident and resident around nuclear power plant in case. However there...
Radionuclide detection is a further step to complement any abnormal event data recorded by seismic, hydro acoustic and infrasound station network prior asking for the approval of the On-Site Inspection (OSI). Radionuclides can travel away from a source of event for thousands of kilometres under favourable meteorological conditions and still can be detected. In this work a rapid comprehensive...
It has been suggested that during the rifting process border faults may become locked and strain is then accommodated within the hanging wall. The Malawi Rift provides an opportunity to study how Inherited structures affect evolution of these faults for a young, active and magma-poor continental rift. Two faults in central Malawi (Chirobwe-Ntcheu and Bilila-Mtakataka) may show the transference...
Media is powerful, and we should take advantage of its worldwide reach to communicate the scientific knowledge to both decision makers and the public. This will help the CTBTO in achieving its goals and its accomplishing essential mission; that's to make The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty enter into force. Media and journalists can simplify the multitude of linkages science, technology...
In this work, we are studying samples from lava collected following successive eruptions on the side of the Nyiragongo volcano, between 1977 and 2002, as well at the inside of the crater in 2016. First part of the work concerns the petrographic and geochemical (major and traces elements) analysis of these samples. In a second part, geochemical data are used to calculate the viscosity of these...
Argentina is bound by the Treaty to host eight monitoring stations and one radionuclide laboratory. The Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ARN) is responsible of the radionuclide and infrasound stations, and the laboratory. At present, ARN is working on the installation of two remaining stations, and foresees to make them fully operational soon. Outreach activities are conducted in parallel with...
The national data centre (NDC) in Namibia assists the IMS I35NA infrasound station with daily data quality monitoring. Although infrasound is relatively new, the Namibian NDC has taken on the challenge to analyse and interpret both infrasound and seismic data sets from the Namibian IMS station. It remains challenging, but one objective of the NDC is to identify most cultural and static...
This work provides an up-to-date overview of modern instruments used in earthquake seismology as well as a description of theoretical and practical aspects of seismic instrumentation. The main presention brifly describes the zambian seismic neworks[ZSN] seismicity in zambia .This network has undergone three major phases in its digitization processes from single analog station to the current...
The Source Term Analysis of Xenon (STAX) project is a new effort to better understand the radioxenon background in the environment. The project aims to deploy new high-resolution stack detector systems at facilities that routinely release radioxenon, such as fission based medical isotope production facilities. As radioxenon is detected every day in the International Monitoring System (IMS),...
Air quality plays a pivotal role for the achievement of SDG 11 which is aimed at making cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. Having taken into consideration adverse effects of air pollution, the WHO issued the Air quality Guidelines which cover four air pollutants. But the list lacks radionuclides which are air pollutants as well. The objective of the research is to examine a...
The theory of the infrasound wave propagation states that the acoustic waves of infrasound sources, related with wind and temperature conditions, can be detected in between distance 200 km & 250 km (McKenna, 2005; Golden et al., 2007). From our seasonal observations (winter and summer monitoring) and research studies, we want to understand why some seismo-acoustic waves are detected inside a...
The radionuclide segment of the IMS is required to achieve a minimum of 95% data availability while maintaining high sensitivity for detection of nuclear explosions. These consistent levels of performance can only be achieved with the continued use of high-quality and reliable equipment and consumables. To manage and ensure the future supply of filter media needed to sustain longer-term IMS...
This study on the nuclear release timing aims analysing radioxenon isotopic activity ratios in three-dimensional space. When real data from nuclear test are used, the first results obtained are promising for nuclear event zero time determination and nuclear release discrimination. This presentation focuses on the methodological approach considered in this study. Obviously three isotopes are...
Thunder represents an important source of seismic and infrasound recordings. Yet they also serve as signal to better understand infrasound propagation and seismoacoustic ground coupling. Infrasound stations have been sparse so far, but the spatial coverage has recently improved dramatically, and we have made striking observations of infrasound propagating across Eastern Austria in 2018, using...
Machine learning is a powerful way to accomplish a variety of seismic processing tasks, outperforming state-of-the-art for many traditional discrimination techniques in terms of broad applicability and performance. However, self-reported certainty from learned models can be unreliable, especially for data with characteristics outside of training distributions. While these cases can be rare, or...
Depth estimation is an important part of discriminating anthropogenic from non-anthropogenic events. For small events in sparsely instrumented regions, there are few methods available for depth estimation. Ground-truth (GT) events at shallow depths will be a key part of any scheme to validate new methods. Although the ISC catalog contains more than a thousand GT events with 1 km < depth < 5...
With the maturation of noble gas monitoring technology and the widespread deployment of this technology throughout the International Monitoring System (IMS), the Canadian NDC receives a large number of noble gas spectra daily. The ability to analyse this data accurately and timely becomes more important for the verification mission as noble gas emissions from recent Democratic People’s...
Recently, many destructive earthquakes and tsunamis occurred in the world such as 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan, 2018 Palu earthquake/ tsunami at Sulawesi Island in Indonesia etc. Therefore, off shore real time monitoring systems around seismogenic zones are very important for early detection of earthquake and tsunamis. Furthermore, these system are also indispensable to understand crustal...
One important limitation of infrasound technology is due to the uncertainties that are associated to any available atmospheric specifications. While these uncertainties should be implemented in operational products, the problem of calculating plausible waveforms requires a high CPU load that exceeds available resources. For this reason, the current association procedure neglects some important...
The project is the Travelling School. This is an educational and inclusive travelling life-course for people of different age, affiliation and level of education from different countries, primarily for those Annex 2 that haven’t ratified the Treaty yet. The concept of this school is different to what we have already been doing due to its inclusiveness and equality in terms of participants. We...
The CTBTO operates 25 certified Noble Gas (NG) systems of the International Monitoring System (IMS). The data is routinely processed in the International Data Centre (IDC) operations. Data from these certified NG systems are reviewed by IDC Analysts on a daily basis. Automated and reviewed products are generated and made available to Member States via the IDC secure web portal (SWP) and...
The influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and sunspots on tropical cyclone intensity in the Southwest Pacific is examined. The research is built on work in the study between sunspots, ENSO, and tropical cyclone intensity with different variables using ACE (Accumulated Cyclone Energy) and tropical cyclone frequency intensity. It has found that sunspots determine if a link is...
Tropical cyclones occur from December to April in the South-Western of Indian Ocean. They generate both seismic and infrasonic sources, respectively secondary microseisms (SM) and microbaroms. Standing waves issued from the interaction of two swells in opposite directions with same periods generate a source of noise. Such waves generate pressure variation to the ocean floor and create seismic...
Based on historical earthquake, West Sumatra had occurred destructive earthquake in 1833 with estimation moment magnitude (Mw) 8.8 – 9.2. Theoretically, large earthquake has return period and possibility to occur in future. Therefore, for reducing the earthquake impact, we made tsunami evacuation map in Padang city, West Sumatra. We choose this city as our research because it has dense...
Along with history, the southern-eastern Mediterranean coasts have experienced several historical tsunamis triggered by the earthquake from both far and near field sources (e.g., Hellenic, Cyprian arcs). The most hazardous tsunami events were 365 AD in Crete with Mw8.5, 1222 in Cyprus with Mw 7 - 7.5 and 1303 in Rhodes Island with Mw8.0. The tsunamis caused widespread destruction and victims...
- Keeping in view this concept, I believe that the courses which I attend at the Preparatory Commission for Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) namely: CTBT’s Advanced Science Course and Diplomacy and Public Policy, built my understanding to comprehend the complex debate surrounding nuclear non proliferation and disarmament in general and the politics behind nuclear testing in...
The PTS and the international community have expressed interest in the ability to obtain xenon samples using the output of industrial oxygen plants, which could be three orders of magnitude or more larger than xenon samples currently collected by International Monitoring System (IMS) stations. Precise characterization of regional backgrounds is a motivation for very large volume samples and...
For practically 30 years of its existence, the KNET seismic network, located in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, registered on regional and teleseismic distances nuclear tests conducted at test sites: Nevada, Mururoa and Fangataufa, Lop Nor, Pokharan, Chagay and Punggye-ri. Currently, it includes 10 stations that transmit data in real time to the Institute of Seismology of the National Academy of...
Indonesia has consistently supported nuclear non-proliferation: Despite this, the Indonesian public still perceives all 'nuclear issues' in the pejorative, limited sense of 'nuclear weapon issues'. Therefore, it is important that both stakeholders and practitioners are familiar with the aspects surrounding nuclear weapons, most importantly the treaties which constrain them, in order to answer...
Located on the northeastern part of the Asia-India continental collision zone, Afghanistan is one of the seismically most active countries in the world. Destructive earthquakes occur frequently, mostly beneath the Afghan Hindu Kush mountains at crustal and sub-crustal levels, and pose a large threat to the Afghan community. Sub-crustal seismicity forms a worldwide unique zone of intense...
Earthquake activity in Zambia is closely associated with the East Africa Rift system (EARS). Areas of earthquake activity in Zambia. Although in the rest of the areas in southern Africa seismicity is low, elsewhere in Zambia seismicity is more diffuse with possibilities of occurrence of earthquakes with magnitudes Ms>5.0. Seismicity catalogues are one of the most important products of...
Under the Comprehensive-Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty a State Party can request an on-site inspection (OSI) to establish whether a nuclear explosion has taken place. Gamma spectroscopy measurements are key to OSI and aerial radiometric survey has been demonstrated to provide efficient coverage of large areas. We have developed the Advanced Radiation Detector for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)...
Previous testing has shown that infrasound sensors deployed in the field can exhibit notable deviations from their lab-based calibrations. These variations may in-part be due to changes in environmental conditions, long-term sensor drift, or other unresolved features. In early 2018 we installed two identical test elements at the Sandia National Labs FACT site with five infrasound sensors...
Focal mechanism and source parameters are an essential input for many seismological applications including source characterization, discrimination, and Seismic Hazard Assessment. In this study, we constructed new database for updated Earthquakes Focal Mechanism and Source Parameters for Egypt. Data coverage for the catalogue extends 2012 to 2018 events with Magnitude ≥ 3.5. The catalogue...
In this study, we show results from ambient noise tomography at the Continental Deep Drilling Project (KTB) drilling site, Germany. During the KTB project crustal rocks have been drilled down to 9 km depth and several active seismic studies have been performed in the surrounding. The aim of this study is to present a new shear-wave velocity model of the area while comparing the results to the...
The AlpArray seismic network stretches hundreds of kilometers in width and more than thousand kilometers in length over the greater Alpine region (Europe) consisting of around 250 temporary and 400 permanent broadband stations. We utilize an array beamforming technique identifying the frequency dependence (40-150 s) of the surface-wave phase-velocity vector. We observe deviations of...
Seismic hazard and risk assessment directly link to sustainable development of country. Here we are presenting the main elements of the newly developed seismic hazard model of Georgia. The starting point in seismic hazard assessment is the updating of the regionally harmonized datasets with focus on data that become available within the recent years. From this point of view international...
In the Antarctic Peninsula region in a number of research stations are measuring seismic and infrasound instruments, some of which are part of the IMS CTBTO. The region is exposed to earthquakes and tsunamis, cyclonic activity. The measurements have been going on for quite a long time so that we can judge climate change. Satellite observations have made a tremendous breakthrough in the study...
We use of the modified Nakamura's method of H/V spectral relations for investigation of inner structure of the Tunka basin (the Baikal rift system). The depression is a half-graben bounded from the north by the steeply dipping Tunka fault. The sedimentary cover of the basin is represented by rift lacustrine, alluvial, volcanoclastic sediments and basalt flows. The measurements of ambient noise...
Cote d’Ivoire NDC in collaboration with CTBTO deployed from January to December 2018, a mobile infrasound array (I68CI) in North-East (Comoe Reserve) of Cote d’Ivoire. This portable array had 5 sensors and had been sampling at 50Hz. I68CI detected local, regional and distant infrasound sources. In this tropical region, during monsoon season, the main sources detected by the portable array are...
Many regions in Canada contain a mixture of natural seismicity of variable depth, low-magnitude explosions (arising from construction and/or mining activity) and mining induced events. Their correct classification is critical for seismic monitoring and for ensuring that anthropogenic events do not inflate seismic hazard calculations. Recently, local- to regional-spectral ratio discriminants...
The International Data Centre (IDC) of the CTBTO is developing the capability to conduct High-Resolution Atmospheric Transport Modelling (HRATM) using the Numerical Weather Prediction model WRF and the Atmospheric Transport Model (ATM) Flexpart-WRF. The performance of Flexpart-WRF at the IDC is assessed by using source terms from a medical isotope production facility in Belgium to simulate the...
During 1976–1987 in the former USSR in the territory of the Eastern Siberia and Yakutia ten peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE) were conducted. PNEs were measured by regional analog seismic stations located in the Baikal rift at distances from 246 to 1407 km. Based on these data the regional velocities of seismic waves in the Siberian platfrom, Transbaikalian block and Baikal-Patom highland were...
The CTBTO is setting up 337 facilities to monitor nuclear explosions in the world. The technologies used by the CTBTO in monitoring include seismic technology, infrasound technology, hydroacoustic technology and radionuclide technology. The radionuclide technology measures radioactive particles and noble gases. It is also referred to as the 'smoking gun’. It is the confirmatory test for all...
VNIIA is the leading organization of ROSATOM in implementing the CTBT and is currently performing a set of research activities: -provides scientific and methodological support and develops hardware and software solutions to ensure the CTBT OSI activities, carries out an integral assessment and forecast of technical capacities within the verification regime for compliance with the CTBT,...
As of september 2018, 184 states ouf of 196 signed the nuclear test ban treaty with 167 ratifications. In a other hand, this means that more than 4,3 billions people residing in the ratifying countries are committed to the treaty principles. Otherwise,it is mandatory to have the ratification of countries listed in the annex 2 , for the entry into force of the treaty. 8 states out of the 44...
Today's youth is going to be the next generation of policy makers, politicians, and bureaucrats and thus in order to push Pakistan closer to ratifying the CTBT we need to educate its youth. Many of my peers in Pakistan don't know about the CTBT and this worries me. For this reason, my project proposes a 4-stage plan that can be put into effect for capacity building of Pakistani Youth. The...
In this study, we analyze long-period (5-20s) surface waves recorded from all DPRK nuclear explosions by the open stations of the High Sensitivity Seismic Network of Japan (HSSNJ), including the stations in region around the DPRK nuclear site. The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of the Sea of Japan (SOJ) on surface waves, the effect of multi-path due to the...
Waveforms From Nuclear Explosions (WFNE) data repository will be open for the research community’s access to source parameter data and associated waveforms from worldwide nuclear explosions. It is based on the former NEDB, which had contained data collected, analyzed and assembled by SAIC/Leidos, using a very large number of sources and ground truth information. It will now contain newly...
As part of the current 4 year Action Plan (2016-2019) to develop on-site inspection (OSI) capabilities, the OSI and IDC Divisions of the CTBTO conducted a feasibility study to define the needs and applications of atmospheric transport modelling for use during all phases of an inspection. This poster presents the key findings for AP Project "ATM for an on-site inspection" and the work tasks...
Low level of research collaborations has been the bane of scientific development within West African region. However, an unprecedented milestone was achieved in 2017 as researchers from Cameroun, Nigeria, Benin Republic, Togo, Ghana and Senegal have joined forces to work towards advancing research activities and promote integration of CTBT Academic curricula in the region. The group met during...
Events near the boundary between the solid earth and atmosphere, such as the recent DPRK nuclear tests, generate both seismic and infrasound observations. This presentation explores the combined use of seismic and infrasound observations for joint localization of events based on a Bayesian framework. We explore the value of combining both types of observation in terms of the precision of the...
Regardless of your background or line of work. Regardless of how you fit into the bigger picture of the CTBTO. You need young people to join your organization, be your next generation, and help you publicize your findings. But it can be incredibly difficult to motivate young people to follow a cause. So this presentation aims to educate a broader audience on the topic of motivating young...
Xenon International is a next-generation ground-based radioxenon measurement system developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in collaboration with Teledyne Brown Engineering (TBE). Xenon International processes samples every 6 hours and collects more than 2.5 times the amount of xenon gas over first-generation systems improving detection sensitivity by nearly a factor of two. During...
The mb 6.1 event related to the 2017 DPRK’s sixth nuclear test occurred in DPRK’s Punggye-ri test site on September 3, 2017. After 8 minutes 32 seconds from the origin time of the event, the second event of mb 3.6 was followed. Three-dimensional surface deformations from the ascending and descending radar observations were retrieved for the nuclear test. From the upward deformation component,...
