Conveners
T3.1 e-poster session: e-poster session - T3.1 - Design of Sensor Systems and Advanced Sensor Technologies
- Joseph Park (CTBTO Preparatory Commission, Vienna, Austria)
T3.1 e-poster session: T3.1 - Design of Sensor Systems and Advanced Sensor Technologies
- Joseph Park (CTBTO Preparatory Commission, Vienna, Austria)
- Aleksandr Tarasov (CTBTO Preparatory Commission, Vienna, Austria)
Description
T3.1
Positioning and navigation are essential for inspectors in the Inspection Area, which is probably a place of nowhere in the world.They would lead the inspectors to the potential Ground Zero together with the guidance of OSI search logic.They are also very important for most of the OSI measurements, which are normally geo-referenced, such as SAMS, CPT, multispectral imaging. With the...
An invaluable tool in characterization of any receiver, propagation path, or detection system, is a source with known and repeatable signal characteristics. This talk will discuss engineering development and evaluation of a coherent (non-explosive, periodic, with controlled duration) infrasound source with frequency capabilities in the sub-hertz to several hertz band. Design of a sound source...
The South African radionuclide laboratory (ZAL14) supporting the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty’s International Monitoring System (IMS) is situated at the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation. The laboratory is equipped with two ultra-low background HPGe detectors gamma-spectrometry systems (Canberra BEGe5030 and BEGe65) of which the BEGE5030 has been certified for analysis of IMS...
This research describes a new damping system for optical seismic sensors that, is based on eddy currents. In the last decade, scientists have been considered optical approaches for readout systems of seismic sensors. So, the use of reliable and high-performance damping systems in this category of seismometers is very important. This has led us to build a damping system based on the eddy...
In the framework of a tabletop-exercise of the Austrian NDC scheduled ground detonations within a week in November 2020 were monitored. Therefore, a local network was deployed. Additional to the permanent seismic station ABNA in the vicinity, the NDC deployed two seismic broadband stations with co-located low-cost seismic and infrasound sensors as well as a mobile infrasound array.
After...
In this research, a new approach based on the moiré technique is presented to calculate the displacement of the suspended mass in seismometers. The oscillating system consists of a spring-suspended mass whose position is monitored using the moiré technique. To form the moiré pattern, two similar Ronchi grating are used so that they are facing each other without physical contact. One of the...
According to scenarios of Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty On Site Inspection (CTBT OSI), a kind of wide spectral imaging spectrometer based on aviation platform (including UAV) is proposed. The methods of detecting and recognizing nuclear test based on optical remote sensing are summarized, and several application fields using hyper spectral data are analyzed, such as detecting the...
The IMS Operational Manuals for waveform stations require that IMS stations be calibrated regularly. Since 2012, the PTS had relied mostly on electrical calibration to meet that requirement.
However electrical calibration comes with some challenges (no traceability, integration and sustainment issues, high operating costs…).
A part of the geophysical community, including Station Operators,...
Coincidence Detector Systems have the potential to increase IMS network sensitivity for Treaty Verification purposes. The study presents the first test implementation of a coincidence detector system for measurement of particulate samples at the CTBTO Test Station VIP00, located on rooftop of Vienna International Centre in Vienna – Austria. The prototype dual/coincidence system setup and its...
Aliasing is caused by discrete sampling below the Nyquist frequency. In order to recover the harmonics of shape in a signal, it is necessary to use a sampling rate at least twice the highest waveform frequency (Shannon Theorem). This means more volume of storage or more bandwidth for transmission. If we could overcome this limitation, we can reduce the sampling rate by less than twice the...
Weather forecast is essential for precision measurements involving meteorology related CTBT scenarios. Weather parameters recording is also very critical for routine maintenance of IMS stations. Looking at the IMS network all over the globe, it would be very important to get to know the local weather situation to support the normal operation of the four categories of IMS stations in the middle...
Infrasound sensors deployed in the IMS Infrasound Network are of high performance so they can meet the strict IMS minimum requirements. The PTS in its effort to deploy state-of-the-art infrasound sensors has been performing continuous technology watch for the last 11 years on high quality infrasound sensors. More recently, the PTS also started monitoring developments in the field of low-cost...
Iran's economic sanctions, along with the ever-increasing advances in digital technology and the presence of high-level experts, have made Iran one of the pillars of producing high-tech geophysical equipment in the Middle East, and will close the competition with the products of major corporations such as nanometrics and guralp. At present, high-precision digital recording equipment with...
Enviroearth has developed over the past few years Wind Noise Reduction System (WNRS) of advanced technologies that meet all the requirement and configuration for each of the infrasound stations topology over the whole IMS Network. Among the continuous improvements made to the design of these systems systematically associated with micro barometer sensors, we will mainly present the possibility...
All broadband, low noise velocity borehole sensors manufactured have limited high frequency response. In this paper, results from the 89 mm diameter measuring only 600 mm long VBB very low noise sensor with 250 Hz High frequency corner (-3 dB points at 360 seconds and 250 Hz) is presented.
The high loop gain feedback sensor modules are based on mechanical long period suspension system. The...
A novel first-look cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector is being developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL, USA) in collaboration with General Dynamics – Mission Systems (GD-MS, USA). The compact gamma-spectrometer is designed to be installed within the air intake plenum of the Radionuclide Aerosol Sampler Analyzer (RASA) design of International Monitoring System (IMS)...
Beta-gamma detectors are utilized extensively for the detection of radioxenon, but the beta detection is primarily performed with a plastic scintillator cell. Two areas of improvement for plastic scintillators are the sample carry-over (“memory effect”) and energy resolution. While the scintillator can be coated to remove the memory effect, the energy resolution must be improved with a...
Next-generation gamma-gamma coincidence measurements have the potential to significantly improve the confidence of detection of particulate radionuclides relevant for nuclear explosion monitoring purposes. Sophisticated laboratory systems have demonstrated order-of-magnitude improvements for radionuclides such as Ru-106/Rh-106, Cs-134 and Ce-144. However, the implementation of these systems at...
Creare has previously designed an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) collection system as a drop-in enhancement and replacement for the current RASA, the U.S. built Radionuclide Monitoring Station, as presented at S&T2019. This current work incorporates a full new design for the next generation of monitoring stations, RASA 2.0, with several significant improvements including advanced detectors,...
For the past 3 years, rotation of ground motion can be measured with a portable broadband instrument. Thanks to its expertise in fiber-optic gyroscope learn into navigation market, iXblue have been able to offer a product line called blueSeis to bring the unmatched performance of this technology from submarines to seismic field.
However, not everything has been straightforward, and there is...
VNIIA is the premier ROSATOM organization in implementing the CTBT and is currently performing a cluster of research activities:
- provides scientific methodological support and develops hardware and software solutions to ensure the CTBT OSI activities, carries out a comprehensive assessment and foresee of technical abilities within the verification regime for compliance with the CTBT,...
A ship-based air-gun survey was conducted contemporarily with distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) observations using an abandoned submarine cable. Measurements were compared between DAS and co-located hydrophones on the seafloor. DAS measures the Rayleigh back-scattering variations along a fiber-optic cable, of the same kind as the IMS HA hydrophone stations’ trunk cables, using incident laser...
In recent years, a new prototype of a geo-hydroacoustic buoy has been created at the IPE RAS. The buoy is designed to collect acoustic, hydroacoustic or seismoacoustic data in various environmental conditions. It can be installed in onshore and offshore wells. The main purpose of the buoy development was its use for operations in the Arctic latitudes as an element of distributed drifting...
The scope of the prototype presented in this work was to create a compact and flexible sensor array, reliable enough to be used in volcanic monitoring. In order to achieve this objective, we used an Spartan-6 L X 45 FPGA as the base of the embedded system, getting the capability of continuous acquisition at a configurable velocity up to 50 ksps. In addition, the equipment has some features as...
A method for detecting radioactive argon 37Ar produced in the soil by the nuclear reaction between 40Ca and fission neutrons is used for monitoring and detection of underground nuclear tests. In this regard, a relevant problem is to extract argon from soil gas with the elimination of impurities and conduct radioactive analysis. An industrial technology of low-temperature air rectification...
The system is an alpha/beta detector able to determine the independently alpha and beta contaminations based on PSD (pulse shape discrimination) capabilities of the scintillator and the real time digital pulse processing of fast electronic readout. The detector is designed for measuring alpha and beta emitter contamination on large air sampling filters and to complement the high-resolution...
The background seismic noise in Venezuela has been studied using broadband stations of the Red Sismológica Satelital Nacional (RSSN) (Netcode VE), including stations AS117 and AS118 of the auxiliary network of the IMS. To calculate the most representative values of noise at a given period, the method proposed by McNamara and Buland (2004) has been applied.
For periods lower than 1 s, the...
It has been proposed that the use of gamma-gamma coincidence methods could lower the detection limit for the detection of certain relevant radionuclides, such as 140Ba. Gamma coincidence measurements have the advantage of significantly lowering the background at the cost of lower overall efficiency. Modelling efforts indicate that a net gain in detection limit can be achieved. Several...
The international monitoring network of radionuclide stations of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) has been built up for the last 20 years. This mature monitoring network has now reached a phase where a technology upgrade for some systems has become necessary. The Cinderella G2 is a commercial automated particulate air sampling...
I31KZ, Kazakhstan, has been in operation for almost twenty (20) years. Over this period, the specific experience was gained of operating the array in hard-to-reach areas in harsh environmental conditions such as strong winds, low temperature in winter months and flooding in springtime. This experience and lessons learned allowed to minimize the risks of potential damage and loss of...
Noble gas stations installed on the IMS are designed to detect low level concentrations of radioxenon in the atmosphere. In order to improve sensitivity, one can either increase the volume of air sampled or lower the minimum detectable activity. Designing new detectors allows noble gas station developer to play on both grounds.
After 5 years of research and development, high resolution...
Gaseous fission products have been produced via neutron irradiation of a uranium target and extracted using a custom gas processing system for measurement on a high-resolution beta-gamma coincidence detection system. The gas was extracted and measured in two stages in order to measure the prompt and delayed fission products. This poster presents an overview of the system used to extract...
Rotational seismometry is an emerging perspective area of science for further developing of seismic monitoring. The quality of manufacturing measuring devices is improving. New instruments are being developed. Accuracy of measurements is increasing. Data processing algorithms are being improved. However, the absence of standardized metrological schemes for developers, manufacturers and users...
The microbarometer for infrasound monitoring systems was developed by FSUE VNIIA, the leading organization of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom for the implementation of the CTBT.
The microbarometer is used to receive infrasonic vibrations of atmospheric pressure and is intended for use in facilities of the CTBT International Monitoring System.
Compared to existing analogues, the...
For several decades, CEA/DAM is developing noble gas detection systems for nuclear test detections. In particular, CEA/DAM developed the SPALAX system which started to integrate the CTBTO IMS network in Tahiti in 2002. In 2015, CEA/DAM started the conception and realization of the SPALAX New Generation (SPALAX-NG) integrating the results of several years of R&D on material adsorbents and...
Complex infrasound wavefields (containing multiple simultaneous waves with different slowness vectors) pose a challenge for traditional array analysis. We approach this problem using a dense array (22 sensors) as a field method, and secondary infrasound from earthquakes as a research target. Secondary infrasound from earthquakes contains potentially useful information on ground shaking, but...
Xenon monitoring systems are a crucial component of the verification system of the CTBT. As part of the IMS, these systems are monitoring the atmosphere for potential xenon releases originating from nuclear explosions. The efficient adsorption and desorption of the xenon isotopes in adsorbent materials is essential for their detection.
Recent studies on xenon adsorption in porous materials...
Despite the prudent importance of monitoring weather and climatic trends, the cost of setting up weather monitoring experiments and devices prove to be costly and even with available costly solutions, they are without standardization rendering the data collected from them unusable for scientific enquiries or examinations. The objective of the work described in this paper is detail the...
This paper presents the results of extensive tests conducted for more than 4 years, towards the realization of a portable backpack systems for the measurement and identification of radioactive material and at the same time determine in real time, without the support from experts, presence of SNM isotopes: U, Pu-239, PuWG, UWG, Am-Be, Am-Li, or their combination with masking sources and...
The Baksan Neutrino Observatory of the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a unique engineering facility, which is a system of underground mine workings in the Andyrchi mountain massif (at a depth of 2 km from the surface and 4 km from mine enter) located twenty kilometers from the Elbrus volcano down the Baksan gorge in the Neutrino village. The unique...
One of the main noise-causing factors in precise long-period seismometry is temperature fluctuations of mechanical elements of devices and sensitive sensors, as well as temperature oscillations in their interior space. To reduce such noise level it is possible to apply adaptive filtering of seismic signal based on elements temperature acquisition. However, to date, this way it was not possible...
The worlds first radioxenon array was installed in Sweden during 2020-2021. The array consists of five so called SAUNA CUBE units, placed with 200 – 500 km inter-distance. Each CUBE unit has a measurement sensitivity for 12-hour samples comparable to the SAUNA II systems presently used in the IMS, but to a fraction of the cost. Array design, experiences from installation, and first months of...
An evaluation of several Hyperion 5313A infrasound sensors was performed in order to determine the length of time it takes for the sensors to thermally equilibrate under a variety of environmental conditions. The motivation for performing these tests was to aid in determining suitable procedures for station operators to follow when installing these sensors. Thermal equilibration occurs when...
CEA/DAM, in partnership with the startup Fullscale, has developed a compact board, targetted to easily integrate any equipment with accurate dating needs.
Based on GNSS reception to get an absolute time reference anywhere in the world, the Timing Board provides standard PPS signal and NMEA frames, and optionnally a stabilized 4 MHz clock. Its extra-small size and very low consumption (<40 mW)...
Until recently, the infrasound network in Ukraine consisted of two infrasonic arrays with a small aperture. However, the situation changed when we managed to create our own inexpensive digital condenser microbarograph (DCM). It has a frequency range of 0.05 to 15 Hz, a sensitivity of 40 mV/Pa, and an amplitude range of 200 Pa. Now, the array in the Kamenets-Podilsky region consists of 8...
The initial version of the beta-gamma coincidence detector of the MIKS complex failed to meet the requirements specified by the PTS of the CTBTO Preparatory Commission for the energy resolution of the beta channel and the memory effect. After the substantial upgrading, the energy resolution of the beta channel of the redesigned detectors is 37–38 keV for the 129 keV line and the memory effect...
Xenon International is a next generation radioxenon monitoring system that was developed at PNNL and being manufactured at Teledyne Brown Engineering (TBE) to strengthen nuclear test monitoring and has recently completed phase-1 testing for acceptance as a qualified system for the International Monitoring System (IMS). Xenon International processes samples every 6 hours generating over 2.5 cc...
