Automatic bulletins are created using data from the International Monitoring System (IMS) seismic, hydroacoustic and infrasound stations. These bulletins are interactively analysed and reviewed by the Monitoring and Data Analysis (MDA) Section at the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). The automatically processed Standard Event Lists (SEL3) are reviewed in detail to...
Accurate seismic station orientation is important for seismic waveform or particle motion based studies. Station misorientation has been studied using P wave particle motion and Rayleigh wave arrival angle, which may be affected by the complexity of earthquake sources. Recently, P wave receiver function (PRF) using tangential component has been proposed for misorientation estimation. In this...
In the framework of application of Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 371 facilities run across the world to form the International Monitoring System. Madagascar hosts two of these stations, I33MG an infrasound station and AS61, an auxiliary seismic station. These two stations need to operate continuously to detect any nuclear test. To minimize downtime during an eventual outage, the...
Traditional sensing techniques are recognized to be labor and technically intensive for practical adoption. As a result, researchers are employing alternate sensing techniques. One of the major technologies for sensing environment is variations in WiFi channel state information (CSI) that describes the channel state between the transmitter and the receiver. With its sensitivity to...
The Institute of Geophysical Research of the Republic of Kazakhstan conducts work on scanning and digitalizing of archived photo paper seismograms from the CSE IPE AS USSR. The records are digitized using WaveTrack software developed by the Novosibirsk Regional Center for Information Technologies of Russia and adjusted for data saving in contemporary formats. The main task of the project is to...
In close and constant collaboration with the CTBTO, Enviroearth has developed a backup intra-site communication solution working through a cellular network. This backup system was fully designed according to CTBTO specification. Its low power consumption, communication protocol and easy implementation on-site make it well adapted to the infrastructure of infrasound stations and its integration...
The International Data Centre (IDC) receives from stations more than ten gigabytes of raw data on a daily basis. Most of those data are collected and transmitted as continuous data digitally signed frames. In normal operations the frames are received in chronological order of their acquisition/detection time. However, some frames may be missed, corrupted, partially delivered or sent several...
As a solemn legal proof of either Treaty compliance or violation, data security of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) verification infrastructure plays a vital role for the authority of CTBT regime. For most important cases within the CTBT verification infrastructure, such as the International Monitoring System (IMS), data gathered at internationally distributed IMS stations and...
"TianQi" LEO micro-satellite Internet of Things (IoT) constellation, is a commercially running space based IoT system, which is composed of 38 LEO micro-satellites, and will be fully deployed by the end of 2023. Ground terminals are portable and cost effective, with power consumption as low as 100mw. The constellation could provide global users such as CTBTO with "air, ground and sea...
The CTBTO link to the database of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) is a service provided on behalf of and by arrangement with the International Data Centre. The link provides the Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS) and National Data Centres (NDC) with dedicated access to long term definitive global datasets maintained by the ISC. Functionality includes specially designed...
Sandia National Laboratories is developing the Geophysical Monitoring System (GMS) to modernize the United States National Data Center (USNDC) waveform processing system. The United States is providing the common architecture and processing components of GMS as a contribution in kind to accelerate progress on International Data Centre (IDC) re-engineering. A key aspect of GMS architecture is...
Smartphone accelerometers can be used to record earthquake signals to support disaster mitigation in Indonesia. Human activities produce significant noise to accelerometer data on smartphones. Human activity recognizer (HAR) functions to sort out human activity signals from earthquake signals recorded by smartphone accelerometers. This study aims to reduce the linear acceleration signal of...
The International Monitoring System (IMS) is one of the four elements of the Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS) verification regime. The seismoacoustic component of the IMS network is comprised of seismic, infrasound and hydroacoustic stations participating in the underground, air, and underwater explosion monitoring. The minimum requirement in terms of data availability for each station...
All CTBTO stations in Indonesia are powered by solar panel although some are helped by commercial power lines. All those systems require a battery bank. Since 2008 until 2021 there was 10 cases caused by battery problem which held up data transmission from six CTBTO stations in Indonesia to the National Data Centre and the International Data Centre. In this presentation we will discuss how to...
The International Monitoring System (IMS) is a globally distributed network of monitoring facilities using sensors from seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide technologies. The need for data availability increased the significance of data quality monitoring. This task is addressed through the creation of a platform for the fast and easy identification of data acquisition...
An analysis of the quality of accelerograph data has been carried out from 669 station locations. This aims to monitor and evaluate the data quality of accelerograph equipment at the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). Advances in machine learning can mean the ability to diagnose or even predict equipment problems so that site visits can be scheduled more cost-efficiently....
The detection level of a seismic network is the ability to estimate the level of detection and have a tremendous importance both in the design of a new network and in determining whether a given network can recognize seismicity consistently, or needs to be improved in some way. We determine the detection level of the Cuban seismic network using the empirically estimated seismic noise spectral...
Simulating and analysing the detection capabilities of the seismic, hydroacoustic and infrasound networks of the International Monitoring System (IMS) can contribute to the enhancement of the Treaty’s verification regime and its capabilities. Simulations carried out with the Java-based tool Network Monitoring for Optimal Detection (NetMOD) allow one to evaluate the overall network performance...
The National Data Center of Kyrgyzstan and Michigan State University (MSU) are digitizing historical analog seismograms of nuclear explosions that were conducted at the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Lop Nor test site. The methodology for digitizing and data quality control was developed by the MSU team. Of significant importance is the recovery of original station calibrations and...
The observation of atmospheric radionuclides that are associated with nuclear test explosions has a long history that started already in the 1940s. Over the decades of nuclear testing the methods were refined and mounted into the high-quality systems implemented in the International Monitoring System of the CTBTO. The project presented here is reviewing the publications about off-site...
In a constant evolving digital world, there is a need for flexible way to secure the CTBTO data and products sent over the Internet. High levels of flexibility can be achieved by implementing programable, intelligent, VPN systems that can be deployed without the need for dedicated physical hardware. This system of secure communications can be deployed in as a software implementation,...
The Seismic Network Expansion in the Caucasus and Central Asia (SNECCA) project began in 2019 to upgrade national seismic network capabilities in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. The United States participated in this collaboration with support from the U.S. Department of Energy and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All six countries utilized a common...
The Geophysical Institute in Ecuador uses SeisComP for acquisition of waveforms of around 150 seismometer and accelerometer stations. SeisComP has several modules (SCQC, SCQCV, etc.) that allow the operator to check the quality of the waveforms acquired, nevertheless the module's interfaces could be difficult to use and not very interactive. For easy access to the information of waveform...
The correct operation of a seismic station depends on many factors. A crucial one is the provision of power required for station to operate at the established standards. Given that the Paso Flores, PLCA/PS01, seismic station power system currently in use is at the end of its life cycle, that it was not designed for the current demands and, evaluating all the technologically available...
Many of the primary and auxiliary seismic stations of the International Monitoring System (IMS) have been in operation for more than 20 years. Tracking changes in station performance for this duration can prove challenging, requiring continuously reported data across the time period. Using phase picks reported to the International Seismological Centre (ISC) it is possible to evaluate...
Brazil participates in the CTBTO in several ways, as it has an institution, the National Center for Monitoring and Alerts of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN), which became responsible for the implementation of the Brazilian National Data Center (NDC). The country also has a radionuclide laboratory, RL4, which is in the certification process. In addition to operating an infrasound station, IS9, and...
The spread of radiocesium traces is strongly influenced by the circulation of wind and ocean currents around Indonesia. Seawater from the Pacific Ocean that enters into the Indonesian marine water area could distribute Cs-137 from the Fukushima release. Monitoring results show that the concentration of Cs-137 on the west coast (West Sumatera, Bangka Island, North and South Java, and Madura)...
Capacity building efforts for National Data Centers (NDCs) commonly involve the provisioning and shipment of physical hardware systems and the training, installation, maintenance, and distribution of the NDC-in-a-Box (NIAB) software suite. “NDC-in-the-Cloud” (NIAC) is a set of cloud-hosted resources for National Data Centers that uses cloud services to streamline these efforts, while also...
The security system designed for the Internet of Things (IOT) should be able to detect and prevent both internal and external attacks. This work proposes a lightweight and low energy encryption algorithm to secure data over wireless networks. The proposed algorithm meets the requirements of data and is suitable for wireless devices and sensors. It is capable of reducing the execution time and...
Broadband access and low latency are available globally thanks to the increasing availability of low earth orbit satellites. There are a variety of geographical locations where the International Monitoring System stations are installed that could benefit from this type of service. Maximizing data availability and simplifying complex infrastructure -normally associated with the deployment of...
NORSAR is the Norwegian National Data Centre (NDC) and operates six stations of the International Monitoring System. These are the primary seismic arrays NOA/PS27, ARCES/PS28, the auxiliary seismic array SPITS/AS72, the auxiliary single seismic station JMIC/AS73, the infrasound array IS37 and the radionuclide station RN49. It is crucial to have a stable power supply with a sufficient battery...
During the years of nuclear tests, a network of seismic stations of the Institute of Seismology NAS KR operated on the territory of Kyrgyzstan, the data of which are very important for seismic monitoring purposes. Most of these stations were installed far from natural and anthropogenic sources of seismic noise, on bedrock, in specially equipped bunkers and tunnels. In addition, most of the...
The Flexpart Atmospheric Transport Model is used in daily operations at CTBTO for the backtracking of radionuclides based on measurements at 80 sites worldwide. Over 280 simulations are performed each day and it is desirable to make each simulation run in a shorter period of time. With increased availability of GPU environments, it is natural to consider their potential in speeding up the...
For most of the inspection area, there would be no electricity supply. The inspection team should be self-sufficient especially for the perspective of electricity supply, since that most of the mission critical or health and safety equipment would rely almost solely on electric power. This work proposes a portable flexible solar charging pack for on-site inspection activities. Flexible solar...
During the first half of the 20th century, most earthquake ground motions in Mexico were recorded by the Mexican seismological network, equipped with different Wiechert mechanical seismographs on smoked paper. Nowadays, the analogue seismographic collection of Mexico is stored and maintained at the Joint Library of Earth Sciences of UNAM, as part of the Sismoteca-SSN project, to preserve,...
One challenge of on-site inspection (OSI) is preparing for deployment to unknown locations with unknown resources. A critical element of a functional base of operations (BOO) is stable and reliable electricity. The current component for the power system for OSI include diesel generators, UPS and hybrid power system that can accept power from other generation sources, such as solar. UPS systems...
The International Data Centre seismic, hydroacoustic and infrasound (SHI) reengineering project began in 2014 with the goal of creating modernized, open-source software for SHI processing, and improving maintainability and extensibility to the system. Since 2019, the project is under active development, and the current main area of work is the elaboration of a modernized station state of...
The Leo Brady Seismic Network (LBSN) is a small regional seismic network established in 1960 by Sandia National Laboratories to monitor US underground nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site (now known as the Nevada National Security Site). Until the mid-1980s, data recorded by this network were telemetered as frequency modulated audio from each seismograph over telephone lines to a central...
The Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Michigan State University are recovering, scanning, and digitizing the historic analog seismograms of Soviet Peaceful Nuclear Explosions (PNEs). The Soviet Union detonated 122 PNEs from the mid-1960s through the late 1980s. The PNEs were conducted in a wide range of geologic settings and geographic locations, thus representing a...
The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Michigan State University, and NDCs in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) digitized seismic bulletins of analog stations between 1951 and 1992. The metadata of all seismic stations of that period were also collected. The national network bulletin data were then combined with the International Seismological Centre bulletin to form...
Revalidation of International Monitoring System (IMS)stations is a rest assured approach to demonstrate compliance with IMS minimum requirements for stations that underwent major upgrades or equipment changes that have caused station response modification. The Configuration Management Board (CMB) decides on the
need for the station revalidation after the case submission to CMB by IMS...
Scheduled calibration activities at International Monitoring System (IMS) seismic, hydroacoustic T phase and infrasound stations are part of the quality control requirements defined in the draft IMS seismic, hydroacoustic and infrasound Operational Manuals. Depending on the technology used, the approach for scheduled calibration can be different in some aspects. However, the overall objective...
Innovative deep ocean monitoring technologies are crucial to catalyzing fundamental improvements in mitigating natural disasters, reducing human vulnerabilities, and determining environmental threats. An attractive but untapped resource is the global submarine fibre optic cable network, which carries over 95% of international internet traffic. Key components of undersea fibre optic cable...
At the present moment, for many regions of the world, one of the topical issues is the prediction of industrial blasts seismic effects on the infrastructure and adjacent settlements. The IGR conducts this kind of work using the historical records of explosions and description of its effect on constructions as well as using the data of field experiments on mining explosions recording at the...
One of the most valuable sources for ground truth events are peaceful nuclear explosions as these were conducted in different geological environments on a vast territory. Temporary stations were deployed very often to record these events, and, in addition, in recent years work on the precise coordinates using contemporary methods was conducted. Using the records of historical analog...
During the past decades, Air Force Technical Application Center geophysicists, recognizing the importance of preserving analog historic data, have led various internal efforts to rescue and preserve legacy geophysical records. We will discuss the efforts and approaches we use to collect and integrate historical nuclear explosion data into our systems and to leverage its use to support our...
The Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) is a government agency that has the task of providing data and information services for meteorology, climatology and geophysics as well as delivering information to the public and related agencies. BMKG empowers and relies on the VSAT network which works 24/7. The BMKG VSAT communication network is a system that connects all systems...
The emerging technologies of Li-Ion batteries offer new design possibilities for remote monitoring station power supplies. Based on recent installations and testing of these batteries and complementary equipment, the Engineering and Development Section of the
International Monitoring System Division presents the results of both field and desktop studies, describing the advantages and...
The “Waveforms From Nuclear Explosions (WFNE)” repository was developed and is maintained by Leidos under DTRA sponsorship. It was built as a trusted data set, starting from the previous data repository “Nuclear Explosion Database (NEDB)” that was accessed in the past by numerous users in the US and international nuclear explosion monitoring community. WFNE includes detailed information...
The International Data Centre (IDC) is using critical and complex systems with several distributed processes for receiving, processing, disseminating and archiving data and products. A dedicated tool called WorkFlow is used, among other tools, to monitor those systems. The tool is only available in Linux machines, uses intensive database resources, is hard to maintain and requires expertise...
