We present a recent example for the civil and scientific application of International Monitoring System (IMS) hydroacoustic data. On 24 April 2022, IMS stations detected a cluster of impulsive, seismoacoustic events in the South Sandwich Arc, a volcanically active chain of remote islands and seamounts in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Preliminary results from automated and interactive analysis...
One of the sources of acoustic signals is underwater volcanic eruptions. Climatic phase of such underwater eruptions results in an ash cloud being ejected into the stratosphere thus generating infrasound signals while at the same time generating acoustic signals. The active volcano in Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) one of the Tonga Island groups erupted violently on 15 January 2022...
Indonesia is a relatively high seismic activity region and one of the most active areas is the West Papua. TOAST is a software used for tsunami modeling simulations that can provide results quickly and in real time. Analysis of the impact of the tsunami using TOAST shows that based on the earthquake scenario on 10 October 2002 for the magnitudes varying from 7.0 to 8.0, the highest tsunami...
Anthropogenic noise pollution may mask natural sounds, which are fundamental to survival and reproduction of wildlife, especially for marine cetaceans as they are highly dependent on underwater sounds for basic life functions. In the 21st century, shipping in the ocean has increased significantly and causes low frequency (10–100 Hz) noise which affects or hinders vital communication of large...
Old fashion earthquake early warnings are changing in a new era in the shadow of Earthquake Preparedness Alert (EPA), which instead of noticing only a few seconds, issues a few days in advance. Still, EPAs need more efforts for being used in the public sector, but already they are used in oil and gas, mining in California and Nevada. Since September 2020, the generated models in project...
Long term observations using hydrophones installed by the CTBTO in the Indian Ocean, suggest that noise levels increased from 2002 to around 2012. Since then they have been decreasing. While the increase in noise levels was related to growth in ship traffic, the reasons for the decrease are not known. This paper investigates the reasons for the decrease in two steps. The first step builds an...
Scientific data shows that glaciers are melting due to Climate Change driven by global warming with some results showing an impact in the amount of seismic activity. If glaciers thawed, the enormous weight bearing down on the Earth's crust is reduced, experiencing what geologists refer to as a “post-glacial rebound." This process might reactivate faults and lift pressure on the subterranean...
The International Monitoring System (IMS), installed and maintained by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) with the support of States Signatories, is a global system of monitoring stations composed of four complementary technologies: seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasound and radionuclide. One of the IMS radionuclide stations is located in Spitzbergen, a place where,...
There is a heated debate in the scientific community about possible effects of changes on the planet's surface due to global warming, frequency and magnitude of earthquakes, and tsunamis triggered by earthquakes. Some studies point to seasonal modulations of deep slow slip and earthquakes in the main thrust of the Himalayas or increased risks at coastlines. One aspect that everyone seems to...
The activity of the subduction zone in the south of Java island has been generating severe earthquakes and tsunami events in the past. This natural disaster made the southern region of Java, including the Yogyakarta special region (DIY), prone to incoming tsunamis. Kalurahan Glagah, a village in the south part of DIY, is one of 1,013 villages in Indonesia that has a high tsunami vulnerability,...
Seismic sensors have traditionally been largely restricted to on-land installations, yet the oceans comprise roughly 70% of the Earth's surface. Coupled with heterogeneous distribution of seismicity, this results in many regions being poorly sampled for Earth model development, and poorly monitored for detection of natural and anthropogenic seismic sources. To mitigate this deficiency,...
International Monitoring System hydrophone stations are useful for the monitoring of submarine volcanic activity, especially in the western Pacific Ocean. Therefore, we started to routinely analyse the signals of triplet H11S, located off the coast of Wake Island, from July 2022 onwards. The SeedLink server of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) provides the data; the...
Data collected by the International Monitoring System (IMS) represent four complementary technologies: seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasound and radionuclide. The main objective of acquiring IMS data is to detect and identify nuclear explosions on land, in the oceans, and in the atmosphere. However, the data are also extremely valuable for scientific studies e.g., to investigate the migration...
The eruption of the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha’apai volcano on 15 January 2022 was the largest recorded since the eruption of Krakatoa in 1883. The eruption triggered tsunami waves of up to 15m which struck the west coast of Tongatapu, ‘Eua and Ha’apai.
In this work we analyse data of this event. With a magnitude of mb 4.2 at 04:14:59 UTC, the eruption was detected by the three International...
The main objective of this project is to be able of identifying Paleo tsunamis and climate change. Using heavy metals deposits and calcium ratio, more specifics strontium. Our islands during time have been affected by a lot of earthquakes, leaving an enormous possibility of being affected by tsunamis, more of them, historically. Using strontium and calcium ratio we will be able to detect where...
Time-space variations of infrasound source locations from 2019 to 2021 were studied using a combination of two local arrays in the Lützow-Holm Bay (LHB), Antarctica. The local arrays deployed at two outcrops clearly detected temporal variations in frequency content as well as propagating directions during the three years. A large number of infrasound sources were detected and many of them...
Crustal attenuation structures obtained at high frequencies (>1 Hz) are important for seismic risk assessment and geodynamics studies in stable continents. However, it is difficult to infer attenuation in low seismicity regions using body and surface waves. In this study, we explore the potential of using seismic T phases to constrain the crustal attenuation. We analysed the characteristics of...
IDC data of radioactivity concentration of natural radionuclides in particulate matter collected at THP65 station have been studied their behaviors over a year. A significant difference of radioactivity concentrations of Pb-212F and Be-7 between wet and dry seasons has been found. North-east and south-west monsoons occurring on dry and wet seasons have been discussed their impacts on level of...
Simulations of a 1 to 2 km comet striking Earth on solid ground and on ocean waters have been conducted. Models include hydrostatic equilibrium profiles of temperature, pressure, and densities for atmosphere and ocean, in order to accurately predict impact consequences. Phase changes, such as melting and vaporization, combined with the material’s tensile, shear, and compressive strength...
Recently, some efforts have been made to apply the Boundary Element Method (BEM) to propagation problems in shallow waters, motivated by its neat mathematical formulation and the fact that, unlike other 3-D methods, only 2-D boundary integration is required. However, its chances of becoming a real competitor in the area are undermined by the large sizes of the discretized computational...
This is the first study after the signature of the tsunami warning agreement between the CTBTO and Madagascar in 2019. On 2nd of August 2019 12:03:23 UTC, an earthquake of magnitude 7 occurred south-west of Sumatra Indonesia and generated a local tsunami warning. The goal of this project is to monitor tsunami events using International Monitoring System seismic stations, then to simulate an...
The earthquake swarm accompanying the January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcanic eruption includes many post-eruptive moderate magnitude seismic events and presents the unique opportunity to use remote monitoring methods to characterize and compare seismic activity to other historical caldera-forming eruptions. We compute improved epicentroid locations, magnitudes, and regional...
The eastern Mediterranean Basin was always the main trade route and cultural exchange between the old-world continents. Being centered in the middle of the three continents, the region is often referred to as the cradle of civilization. Meanwhile, it has suffered several catastrophic events, including earthquakes and Tsunamis. Due to its populated coasts, the possibility to record damage and...
The Arctic Ocean is rapidly warming. The hydroacoustic environment will be impacted by the changing thermohaline structure, increased marine traffic, changes in sea ice coverage, and possible increases in microseism/storm noise. This will inevitably lead to obsolescence for today’s ocean acoustic models. The only sophisticated way to make predictions is using decadal to centennial integrations...
The hydroacoustic International Monitoring System (IMS) network was designed to detect underwater nuclear explosions. Two types of stations belong to this network. Six of them record signals with hydrophone triplets placed in the Sound Fixing and Ranging (SOFAR) channel. Remaining five are T phase, seismic stations which detect hydroacoustic signal converted to seismic wave at a steep shore...
In support of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, the International Monitoring System (IMS) has implemented a set of deep water open ocean hydroacoustic stations for monitoring (detecting and localization) any nuclear tests. As acoustic propagation satisfies the acoustic wave equation sound is subject to three-dimensional effects (refraction, diffraction, reflections) when in the...
Ice avalanches constitute severe natural hazards, threatening human lives and infrastructures, and are expected to increase with ongoing climate change and population pressure forcing settlements into exposed terrain. In Europe, costly monitoring programs have also highlighted changing glacial hazards. Consequently, monitoring and warning systems, which help mitigate the threat and impact of...
The entry meteoroids and meteorites into the earth's atmosphere is a powerful source of infrasonic waves. The generated infrasound can be recorded at the ground and, using an array of sensors, characterized in terms of wave parameters, indicative of the source and its position. This study presents the integrated analysis of ~15 small fireball events based both on images of the all-sky cameras...
Bangladesh, a major part of the Bengal Basin, is an earthquake prone country due to its location at the junction of two major tectonic plates. The complicated geology of this basin is responsible for occurring several major and minor earthquakes in Bangladesh and its adjacent areas. The consequence of the earthquake and other natural disasters would be devastating for the country and its...
In shallow-water environments long range propagation proceeds by repeated reflections from the surface and the bottom of the channel, as is the case for underwater sound of a wide spectral range, whose very low frequencies may propagate over large distances, without significant losses. In this paper, a 3-D benchmark model of the fluid wedge over an elastic bottom is applied to explain low...
Detecting and notifying ongoing volcanic eruptions is crucial in supporting the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres. However, local monitoring systems are missing at many active volcanoes. Long range infrasound monitoring, potentially able to detect and notify volcanic explosive events, might provide useful information. Indeed, many studies have already highlighted the utility of long range...
The location of the Northern Caucasus Geophysical Observatory of the Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPE RAS) in the immediate vicinity of the magma chamber of the Elbrus volcano makes it possible to obtain unique data on the structure and dynamics of the thermal field in its vicinity. A precision temperature observation system was developed at the IPE RAS some...
Aerodynamic infrasonic signals generated by large wind turbines can be detected by highly sensitive micro-barometers showing spectral peaks at the blade passing harmonics, which are above the background noise level. As infrasound is one of the four verification technologies for the compliances with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, decreases in detection capability for dedicated...
Everyday waveform data is detected and recorded by the seismic, hydroacoustic and infrasound stations (SHI) of the International Monitoring System produced by different sources coming from the earth, the oceans, and the atmosphere. In this study, signals of interest are the ones from volcanic sources, which can be put to wider civil and scientific use, from helping to save lives in case of...
Past earthquakes in the Banggai area were not widely reported. Lack of information on the source mechanism and the tsunami made it difficult to obtain a complete picture of the disaster events. The earthquake and tsunami on May 4, 2000 is one example. The tsunami earthquake that occurred, although very local in nature, had quite an impact in some locations. However, generating mechanism...
Myanmar is exposed to multiple natural disasters including cyclones, earthquakes, tsunamis etc. Myanmar has signed tsunami warning agreements with CTBTO. Myanmar can access IMS database and IDC products. These data together with national natural disaster monitoring means will be used to identify disaster prone areas of the country. Creating public knowledge about disaster prone areas and the...
Surface ocean currents are important maritime weather parameters because they influence both human activity and the global climate. In Indonesia, real time observations of surface ocean currents are currently made using HF-Radar installed in two locations, one of which is the Flores Sea. Because observational data is still scarce, efforts to provide surface ocean current data are required. One...
In the months following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, the IMS radionuclide stations observed elevated concentrations of anthropogenic radionuclides throughout the northern hemisphere. These data are available for scientific research through the virtual Data Exploitation Centre (vDEC) after signing a cost-free confidentiality agreement with the CTBTO. Part of these...
The Instituto Geofísico of the Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IGEPN) is in charge of the monitoring and study of seismic and volcanic activity in the Ecuadorean territory. The networks include monitoring seismic, volcanic and geodetic networks with 105 seismic stations, 11 infrasound sensors, 67 strong motion sensors, 65 GPS of high accuracy and more than 56 stations for lahar detection, gas...
With support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology are collaborating with seismic monitoring centers in the Caucasus and Central Asia to expand national seismic networks through the installation of permanent broadband seismic stations. The main goal of the project is to improve regional network...
Wind turbines emit vibrations due to the rotation of the blades and the movement of the tower. Vibrations radiated from wind turbines are known to interfere with operational seismoacoustic monitoring of natural and induced seismicity. Additionally, the contribution of such vibrations to the ambient seismoacoustic noise field can significantly hinder the performance of sensitive optical...
Understanding and predicting seismoacoustic waveforms may be a real conundrum, depending on the complexity of the source term, but also on the geological features a wavefield is propagating through. Transmission of elastic energy (i.e. coupling) between the solid Earth and fluid layers (atmosphere, ocean) can bring a wealth of information about the characteristics of a source, but may be...
The 15 January 2022 eruption of the Hunga volcano (Tonga) generated a rich spectrum of waves, some of which achieved global propagation. Among numerous platforms monitoring the event, two stratospheric balloons flying over the tropical Pacific provided unique observations of infrasonic wave arrivals, detecting five complete revolutions. Combined with ground measurements from the infrasound...
Data from the IMS hydroacoustic, infrasound and seismic station networks empowers civil and scientific applications in climate knowledge generation and ocean monitoring activities across the world. Meanwhile, the value of science-informed, evidence-based policy making has gained wide recognition for providing robustness, clarity and practicality in driving the global sustainability agenda and...
The CTBT is considered to be a global instrument for the enhancement of international peace and security through the banning of nuclear weapons tests and constraining further development of existing nuclear weapons, on the other hand, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) was established to prevent the proliferation of nuclear science and technology in all its...
The PUFF Model is a volcanic ash dispersion model used in Indonesia to help predict the distribution of volcanic ash for aviation safety purposes. This model uses the Lagrangian method taking into account wind, diffusion, and gravity parameters. The eruption of Mount Tonga on 15 January 2022 with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 5 which exceeded Galunggung 1982 and Kelud 2014 is an...
The Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) eruption of 15 January 2022 was an exceptional event by the period, magnitude, and duration of propagation of the atmospheric waves it generated, circling the globe multiple times. Even though several volcanic eruptions in the past 150 years era of scientific instrumentation generated notable barometric disturbances, the HTHH eruption is comparable only...
On January 4, 2018, two earthquakes reported by the population were recorded in the northern region of Guatemala. These were characterized with the National Seismological Network (RSN), however another thirty-nine earthquakes of smaller magnitude could only be recorded by the Auxiliary Seismic Station APG (AS-037) due to the high standards that its facility meets for its use in monitoring of...
Volcanic ash cause airports to alter or close their operations when it was detected around the airport and the flight routes. Bali airport is one of the busiest airports in Indonesia. Unfortunately, it is surrounded by three active volcanoes which have recently erupted and spewed volcanic ash. Even though volcanic ash movements can be predicted, these events always have the effect of surprises...
